Salem Witch Trials Judges Key Magistrates and Justices

Before the Court of Oyer and Terminer was appointed, local magistrates presided at the examinations, which functioned as preliminary hearings and decided whether there was enough evidence to hold an accused witch for trial. Local Magistrates Presiding Jonathan Corwin, Salem: a wealthy merchant and twice a member of the colonys assembly. He had been a local magistrate, hearing petty crimes. His son was later to become a minister at the First Church in Salem.John Hathorne, Salem: a wealthy landowner and merchant who owned property as far as Maine, he had served as a Justice of the Peace and had mediated disputes in Salem. He was the great-great-grandfather of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who changed the spelling of the family name to get distance from the Salem witch trial history.Bartholomew Gedney, Salem: a selectman and a colonel in the local militia. The family home, the Gedney House, is still standing in Salem.Thomas Danforth, Boston: a landowner and politician, he was known as a conservative. He served as the first Treasurer of Harvard College, and later as a steward there. He had been President of the Maine District, part of the Massachusetts colony. He was acting governor when the Salem witch craze began. Court of Oyer and Terminer (May 1692-October 1692) When the new Massachusetts Governor William Phips arrived from England in mid-May of 1692, he found that he needed to deal with a backlog of cases of accused witches who were filling up jails.  He appointed a Court of Oyer and Terminer, with Lieutenant Governor William Stoughton as its chief magistrate.  Five were required to be present for the court to be in an official session. Chief Magistrate Lt. Gov. William Stoughton, Dorchester: he headed the trials in Salem, and was known for his acceptance of spectral evidence. In addition to his work as an administrator and magistrate, he had been trained as a minister at Harvard College and in England. He was one of the major landowners in Massachusetts. He had been acting governor after Governor Phips was recalled to England.Jonathan Corwin, Salem (above)Bartholomew Gedney, Salem (above)John Hathorne, Salem (above)John Richards, Boston: a military man and a mill owner who had served as a judge before. He went to England in 1681 as a representative of the colony to influence and oppose King Charles II in increasing religious freedom. He was removed from his office representing the colony for proposing compromise with the crown. He was a judge under one royal governor, but not under the unpopular Andros. He was restored as a judge when Andros was removed from office by the colonists.Nathaniel Saltonstall, Haverhill: a colonel in the colonys militia, he is most famous for being the only judge to resign  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  though he did not declare his reasons for doing so. He had been a town clerk and a judge before the Salem witch trials.Peter Sergeant, Boston: a prosperous merchant and member of the Committee of Safety that removed Governor Andros from office. He also served as a Boston constable and Councillor.Samuel Sewell, Boston: known for his later apology for his part in the trials and for his criticism of slavery, he was chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court. Like many of the other judges, he was also a successful and wealthy businessman.Wait Still Winthrop, Boston: he worked for popular control of the colony and against royal governors. He also led the Massachusetts militia in King Philips War and King Williams War. Stephen Sewall was appointed a clerk of the court and Thomas Newton was appointed Crowns Attorney. Newton resigned on May 26 and was replaced on May 27 by Anthony Checkley. In June, the court sentenced Bridget Bishop to be hanged, and Nathaniel Saltonstall resigned from the court  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  perhaps without attending any of the sessions to that point. Assigned to handle the property of those convicted: Bartholomew GedneyJohn HathorneJonathan Corwin Superior Court of Judicature (Est. November 25, 1692) The role of the Superior Court of Judicature, replacing the Court of Oyer and Terminer, was to dispose of the remaining witchcraft cases. The court first met in January 1693. Members of the Superior Court of Judicature, all of whom had been judges in previous stages, were: Chief Justice: William Stoughton, DorchesterThomas DanforthJohn Richards, BostonSamuel Sewall, BostonWait Still Winthrop, Boston The Superior Court of Judicature, established in the wake of the Salem witch trials, remains the highest court in Massachusetts today.

Odyssey Compare/Contrast - 820 Words

Comparison and Contrast: Penelope vs. Penny Though Penny Wharvey McGill is portrayed as a â€Å"Southern 1930’s† version of Penelope, this heroine has many contrasting characteristics compared to the wife of Odysseus from Ancient Greece. In the Odyssey, Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was gone at sea for 20 years, and Penny couldn’t even stay faithful to Ulysses Everett McGill, who was only in jail for 2 years. Many pieces of evidence show the lack of allegiance Penny had to Everett. When Everett sees his daughters again for the first time since he’s escaped, they recognized him and their dad at first, but then remembered that their mom told them that he had been hit by a train and died. After hearing that, Everett goes to find†¦show more content†¦She automatically knows it’s Odysseus. Penny had forgotten about Everett as if he had really been hit by a train and died. Once Everett proves that he’s just as â€Å"bona-fide†, she plans to marry him as soon as he finds her original wedding band. They both take their husbands back, but there was a catch in order for them to trust the men. These stories are completely different, yet alike in some situations. They were both single mothers while their husbands were gone. Penelope was loyal to Odysseus, but Penny couldn’t care less about Everett. They were both fit for their husbands in different ways, and were the reason their husbands wanted to come home. Overall, these women were both self-confident and strong-willed throughout either story, whether they were wives from the late 1930’s or AncientShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast The Odyssey And The Hobbit1472 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and Contrast As I read through Homer’s The Odyssey, and J.R.R Tolkien’s The Hobbit, I immediately noticed several similarities between the two. 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International Marketing Made Group

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketingfor Made Group. Answer: Company and Product Analysis: Made Group is vertically integrated and independent Australian beverage company. It was founded in 2005 by former Brighton Grammar mates Matthew Dennis, Luke Marget, and Brad Wilson. Made groups head office is located in Melbourne, Australia (Made, 2016). Moreover, its product range includes sports drinks, iced teas, juice smoothies milk, flavoured water juices, and flavoured milk beverages. The objective of company is to make innovative products that are good for health. Another objective of Made group is to reduce its negative impact on environment in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Its aim is to achieve highest quality and safety standards in its operations and the products it provides to its end consumers. Instead of focusing on the broad category of consumers, the company believes in blue ocean strategy. It identifies niche categories for food and beverages that are not available in market and develops it into mainstream business category (Mitchell, 2016). An example of it can be seen in the recent products launched by the company like fruit flavoured range of coconut water. Further, it tries to achieve its corporate objectives by creating unique processes and techniques in developing beverages that allow it to charge premium pricing for its products. These strategies used by MADE allow it gain market share by creating and addressing the needs of niche market segments. MADE Group has made various improvements and achievements in the last three years. The investment of more than $20 million is made by company towards ultra-clean processing technology that is effective in extending the shelf life of milk and cold pressed juices from around 30 days to 100 days. This helps company to gain large market share that in turn leads to increase in its competitiveness in the market place. In addition to this, the revenues of MADE have grown 50% a year for the past three years to $65 million. Along with, MADE has generate a retail sales of $120 million with the help of its four brands including Cocobella, Rokeby farms, Nutrient water and Impressed. Moreover, it is considered as one of the biggest strength of company that is has on-site storage and logistics located at point of manufacturing that helps to reduce freight cost of company (Made, 2016). The product of Made group that is considered is fresh long life milk. It contains extended fresh shelf life capability which is unique among companys competitors. In addition to this, it also contains effective nutritional benefits; taste and great mouth-feel which makes it stand out better than its competitors. It also helps to meet out the needs of customers successfully. However, through diverging from its niche market category, the company is trying to consider broader market segment. It is because long life milk can be preferred and used by each and every consumer from childrens to young adults, working womens and old age group persons. MADE Group is engaged in international marketing and it is operating in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In addition to this, the entry strategy of MADE includes making of effective partnership with export partners and international retailers and distributors. The countries include Malaysia, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, Middle East and Philippines (Herald Sun, 2016). For the expansion of business into overseas, there is requirement of adequate funds, effective and experienced human resources, tools and equipments. Successful global expansion can effectively help company to extend sales potential of existing products. This will effectively help company to gain global market share. Analysis of Japan Country: Macro Environment: Macro environment is a circumstance that exists in an economy with uncontrolled and external factors (Laasch and Conaway, 2014). The factors included in macro environment are discussed as below: Political factors: The political factors include different areas such as labour law, environmental law, tax policy, tariffs, trade restriction, political stability, safety, and corruption that affect an economy. In this country, the political environment is stable which provides support to its economy (GAN, 2016). Moreover, the political environment of Japan is least corrupted in the world. The organizations in the country face very low risk of the corruption and feel safety by stable environment in the country. Foreign relations/trade: Japan is greatly influenced by trade, investment, and international economic issues (Patrick, 2010). In Japan mostly goods are not required any importing license or trade barriers to trade in the country. But the government prohibits importing some items such as firearms, narcotics, pornography, explosives, and products that are volatile to intellectual property laws. For the regional economic treaties Japan follows free trade agreement. Social and cultural environment: The people of Japan historically controlled by the nature and formed in groups with minimum functioning of social units. In Japan, different religious people live but particularly everyone speak Japanese language. The lifestyle and culture of the Japanese people is very high because the economy of the country is stable and developed. Economic factors: The economy of Japan is much strong and stable because the export of this country is strongly depended. The GDP value of Japan in world economy is 7.42 percent. The GDP per capita of this country is very high which presents that the purchasing power of this countrys people is also high with great prosperity. Japan is highly industrialized and developed country therefore the agricultural environment is suitable for the farming of the pack milk products. Technological factors: Japan is probably known as advance technological country. It is an important factor that affects to the Japans economy. The technology plays an important role in development of its infrastructure and industrialization. The development and manufacturing level of the country is very which is affected by the technology. Mainly the technology of this country belongs to the implementations of telecom and electrical equipments. Similarities and differences between the companys origin country (Australia) and Japan: In terms of macro environmental factors both countrys GDP is based upon service sector and are same in composition by industry sector but the agricultural sector of Australia is 3% in GDP and 1.4% of Japan. So, the macro environment of Australia has more opportunities in compare of Japan. Micro Environment: Micro environment refers to those factors that have impact on a business activities and objectives. In business corporate strategy it is essential to analyze micro environment of the country. Traditionally, the dairy products are not a large part of Japanese diet, but in recent years the market of these products has increased and gain popularity in the country. The market size of Japan is EUR 1252 million which is increased 41.6 percent in 2015. There are clear and distinct segments within the market of milk products. In relation of product life cycle, the market of beverage industry in Japan at growth phase. Moreover, the sources of foreign supply are sipping and air freight in Japan. But the major forms of marketing channels in Japan for this product are road and rail transportation that are relatively used for the transportation. Additionally, there is high competition in beverage sector but the company is capable to compete in the market. Analysis of Thailand Country: Macro Environment: The economy of Thailand is upper class economy in the world. The competitive analysis of Thailand is conducted through its political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental conditions that are discussed as below: Political factors: Politically the country is instable and deals with a cycle of anti- government remonstrations. The political instability proves major threats to the company and other investments. But the large and expand market attracts to multinational companies, allows domestic producers to attain economic scale, encourages local investors, and permits to agglomerations that creates competitive advantages in the economy (lucintel, 2012). Foreign relation/Trade: The foreign relations of Thailand are remarkably adaptive that manage its foreign issues flexibly and relatively creative by interference of most important foreign powers. The country Thailand almost aligned with its dominant power in region due to its efforts of security, preserve national sovereignty, and increase trade. Social and cultural factors: The big part of Thailand culture is connected to Buddhism religion. The people of the country do not on system nut they are encouraged to think themselves. The society of the country follows tradition beliefs. Although, there are used many language but mostly the Thai family language is mostly spoken language in Thailand. Economic factors: The economic analysis presents that the manufacturing sector is an important contributor for the companys growth. The economy of Thailand depends on exports, which is 60 percent of GDP. It is the second largest economy in South Asia. The GDP per capita of Thailand is 5774 US dollar which is equivalent to 46 % worlds average (Trading Economics, 2016). Technological factors: Countrys technology and productivity is limited because Thailand is facing shortage of skilled workers. In tertiary education its ratio is only 45 percent which is low and needs to improve in order to skilled workforce. Therefore the level of developing technology and infrastructure of the country is low. Agricultural factors: Agricultural sector is an essential source in Thailand to reduce the poverty and contributes in economic growth (Singhapreecha, 2014). Therefore, the environment of Thailand is favorable for the company. Micro Environment: The political environment of Thailand is unstable but the beverage market is attractive and competitive. The milk cooperatives of Thailand are varying in size and growing continuously with more opportunities for beverage companies. The milk cooperative encourages to farmers by procuring milk from farmers. In relation of product life cycle the market of Thailand at growing phase that provides the opportunities to beverage companies (Valencia, 2013). The dairy industry in the country is highly competitive as other Asian countries. Mostly, the dairy farms are small in size which is supported by dairy cooperatives. In other words small dairy farms are competitors in Thailand. In these competitors, the position of the company low but the future of the company in Thailand is bright because the products of the company comparatively superior with better services. References: GAN (2016) Japan Corruption Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/japan (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Lucintel (2012) PESTLE Analysis of Thailand 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.lucintel.com/pestle_of_thailand_2012.aspx (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Trading Economics (2016) Thailand GDP per capita. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/thailand/gdp-per-capita (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Singhapreecha, C. (2014) Economy and Agriculture in Thailand. [Online]. Available at: https://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=246print=1 (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Valencia, C. (2013) The power of cooperatives in the Thai dairy industry. [Online]. Available at: https://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2013/07/07/962397/power-cooperatives-thai-dairy-industry (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Patrick, H. (2010) Japans foreign economic relations. [Online]. Available at: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/10/31/japans-foreign-economic-relations/ (Accessed: 10 October 2016). Laasch, O. and Conaway, R. (2014) Principles of Responsible Management: Global Sustainability, Responsibility, and Ethics. USA: Cengage Learning. Mitchell, S. (2016) Nutrient Water and Cocobella maker MADE to ship bottled milk to Asia, The Sydney Morning Herald. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/nutrient-water-and-cocobella-maker-made-to-ship-bottled-milk-to-asia-20160509-gopu72.html (Accessed: 10th October 2016). Made (2016) Made Impact. [Online]. Available at: https://madegroup.com/made-for-you/made-impact/ (Accessed: 10th October 2016). Herald Sun (2016) Melbourne beverage company made signs $2 million fresh milk export deals with Malaysia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/melbourne-beverage-company-made-signs-2-million-fresh-milk-export-deal-with-malaysia/news-story/ba63579949eba38d2cbb127926d9e5a5 (Accessed: 10th O Kim, W. and Mauborgne, R. (2013) Blue Ocean Strategy: How To Create Uncontested Market Space And Make The Competiti ctober 2016). on Irrelevant. US: Harvard Business Review Press. Made (2016) About Made. [Online] Available at: https://madegroup.com/about-made/ (Accessed: 10th October 2016).

The Heros Journey free essay sample

They usually undertake a dangerous journey or quest to supernatural realms to achieve a goal. They are often endowed with superior strength, knowledge, and courage. They may also carry within them some additional special â€Å"endowment†/power or some Events: The â€Å"Fall† The Flood The Garden of Eden The Betrayal Supernatural/Deities: God Satan Angels Spirits/Ghosts Demons Homer’s Illiad Odyssey;? Epic of Gilgamesh Stories of â€Å"epic proportion† – Lord of the Rings; Stephen King’s â€Å"The Stand;? † EPIC HERO – Odysseus, Superman, Indiana Jones, Beowulf, King Arthur, form of a supernatural blessing. However, epic heroes also possess human weakness and flaws. 3) MYTH A traditional story that explains a belief, custom, or mysterious natural phenomenon. Most myths are connected to/grow out of religious rituals and traditions, and almost all of them involve the exploits of gods and heroes. 4) MONOMYTH The monomyth/ heros journey is a name given to the basic pattern found in many narratives around the world. This universal pattern is described by Joseph Campbell in The Hero with a Thousand Faces. In the monomyth, the hero starts in the ordinary world, and receives a call to enter an unusual world of strange powers and events. If the hero accepts the call to enter this strange world, the hero must face tasks and trials. At its most intense, the hero must survive a severe challenge, often with help earned along the journey. If the hero survives, the hero may achieve a great gift or boon. The hero must then decide whether to return to the ordinary world with this boon. If the hero does decide to return, the hero often faces challenges on the return journey. If the hero is successful in returning, the boon or gift may be used to improve the world. The three stages of the Hero’s Journey are: Departure (sometimes called Separation) in which the hero ventures forth on a quest; Initiation deals with the hero’s various adventures and trials along the way; and Return which deals with the hero’s return home with knowledge and/or power that he/she acquired on the journey. Lightening as a weapon used by Zeus Volcanoes representing gateways to the underworld or the wrath of the fire gods deities controlling aspects of nature and/or the elements (fire, wind, water, storms, harvest) hero’s weapons/blessings: Odysseus’ bow, Arthur’s sword, Achilles invulnerability, Indiana Jones’ whip, Wonder Woman’s rope/cuffs, etc Stories of judgment and a terrible flood (Noah’s Ark) and a man who is called to rescue humanity are paralleled all over the Middle East, Asia, Africa, South America, etc Stories of creation Stories of gods fathering children RELIGIOUS FIGURES: Buddha Mohammed Jesus Moses MODERN/CONTEMPORARY FIGURES: Barak Obama George Washington John F. Kennedy Mother Teresa GAMING: Dungeons and Dragons Zelda STORY TELLING (LITERATURE, MOVIES, ETC) Beowulf Harry Potter LotR Arthurian Tales Cirque de Freak Men in Black Heroes Lost STAGE ONE: DEPARTURE THE BIBLE SPIDERMAN 1. THE CALL TO ADVENTURE The call to adventure is the point in a persons life when they are first given notice that everything is going to change, whether they know it or not. Moses (the burning bush speaks) Peter yearns to be someone great Peter has a chance to stop a thief â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility. † 2. REFUSAL OF THE CALL Often when the call is given, the future hero refuses to heed it. This may be from a sense of duty or obligation, fear, insecurity, a sense of inadequacy, etc. 3. SUPERNATURAL AID Once the hero has committed to the quest, consciously or unconsciously, his or her guide and magical helper appear, or become known. 4. THE CROSSING OF THE FIRST THRESHOLD The point where the person actually crosses into the field of adventure, leaving the limits of their known world and venture into an unknown/dangerous realm where the rules and limits are unknown 5. THE BELLY OF THE WHALE Represents the final separation from the person they were before their adventure began. It is the point when the person is transitioning between worlds and selves. The separation is Being made/recognized between the old world/self and the potential for a new world/self. The experiences that finalizes the separation is often symbolized by something dark, unknown and frightening. Jonah (God calls him to go to Ninevah) Moses says he’s the wrong guy for the job Jonah runs away and jumps on a ship, God says Aaron (the brother) will speak and Moses’ staff will provide signs/wonders Jonah repents and the storm ends/he is swallowed by a whale. Peter doesn’t stop the thief who eventually kills his uncle. Peter tries to pull back and ignore that he is able to make a difference The radioactive spider that bites Peter gives him â€Å"powers† The ironic twist of fate that Peter lets a crook get away who ends up killing his uncle pushes him onto the hero’s path Moses goes to Egypt After Jonah is tossed in the ocean, he is swallowed by a whale Moses spends 40 years in the wilderness Jonah spends 3 days in the belly of the fish Peter’s guilt pushes him to embrace his role as Spiderman After time of internal struggle, Peter begins to accept his role as a crime fighter. He leaves behind his shy, immature self and becomes a stronger, independent, confident person. STAGE TWO: INITIATION THE ROAD OF TRIALS The road of trials is a series of tests, tasks, or ordeals that the person must undergo to begin the transformation. Often the person fails one or more of these tests, which often occur in threes. 2. THE MEETING WITH THE GODDESS The meeting with the goddess represents the point in the adventure when the person experiences a love that has the power and significance of unconditional love. This is often represented by the person finding the person that he or she loves most completely or by the person finding a cause they believe is of utmost importance. 3. THE TEMPTRESS/TEMPTATION At one level, this step is about those temptations that may lead the hero to abandon or stray from his or her quest, which as with the Meeting with the Goddess does not necessarily have to be represented by a woman. This is when the hero must battle with their fleshy/earthy nature. 4. ATONEMENT WITH THE FATHER The hero must confront and be initiated by whatever holds the ultimate power in his or her life. This may be a father figure/wise sage who has life and death power. All the previous steps have been heading to this place, and all events that follow flow out from this place. For the initiation and Transformation to take place, the hero must be willing to â€Å"die† (literally or symbolically) so that the new self can come into being. 5. APOTHEOSIS To apotheosize is to deify (become god-like). When someone dies a physical death, or dies to the self/their personal desires, he or she moves to a SPIDER MAN Moses leaves Egypt and lives in the desert. After fleeing from God, Jonah encounters a storm, a whale, Moses marries Moses sees the BURNING BUSH and talks with God Jonah agrees to God’s call Moses becomes afraid and does not want to do what God asks Jonah flees from God Moses confronts Pharoh Jonah confronts the King and people of Ninevah Moses leaves behind his fears and agrees to speak for God in front of Pharoh Jonah leaves behind his fear and agrees to speak for God in Ninevah. Peter begins to confront more and more criminals. He has to deal with the publicity and the incorrect label of vigilante while also dealing with the G. G. Aunt May tells Peter, â€Å"You were meant for great things† sending Peter down the â€Å"path† hero-dom. Peter’s love for Mary Jane also motivates him to be a heroic figure Peter must deal with the love he has for Mary-Jane, which tempts him to leave behind his life as Spider Man and just be a â€Å"normal† guy Peter must deal with the memory of his dead uncle and the guilt he feels over his death. The memory of his uncle and his uncle’s charge that â€Å"with great power comes great responsibility† continue to motivate Peter In knowing that his best friend’s father is the Green Goblin AND that the GG will not hesitate to hurt MJ to get to him, Peter must deny his feelings and come to a place of acceptance of his role as Spiderman. state of divine knowledge, love, compassion and peace. 6. THE ULTIMATE BOON The ultimate boon is the achievement Of the goal of the quest. It is what the person went on the journey to get. All the previous steps serve to prepare and purify the person for this step. STAGE THREE: RETURN 1. REFUSAL OF THE RETURN The hero must struggle with the desire to stay where they are at (now that they have accomplished their goal) and leave the world/humanity where it was when the hero left it. 2. THE MAGIC FLIGHT Sometimes the hero must escape with the boon. If it is something that the gods have been jealously guarding, the hero must escape from the wrath of the divine. 3. RESCUE FROM WITHOUT Just as the hero may need guides and Assistants to set out on the quest, oftentimes he or she must have powerful guides and rescuers to bring them back to everyday life. 4. THE CROSSING OF THE RETURN THRESHOLD The process through which the hero/heroine retains the wisdom gained on the quest and/or integrates that wisdom into a human life and determines how to share the wisdom with the world. 5. MASTER OF THE TWO WORLDS The hero achieves a balance between the material and spiritual/supernatural worlds. They have become comfortable and competent in both the inner and outer worlds and can cross between them. 6. FREEDOM TO LIVE Mastery of the two worlds leads to Freedom from the fear of death, which in turn is the freedom to live. This is sometimes referred to as living in the moment, neither anticipating the future nor regretting the past. Moses accomplishes his task of freeing the Children of Israel Jonah accomplishes his task and Ninevah repents. Moses tires of leading the Hebrew people and several times wants to give up being the leader Moses and the Children of Israel are protected by a pillar of fire and smoke and also flee across the Red Sea SPIDER MAN Peter needs to battle the GG and destroy him so that nobody else is hurt Peter wants MJ to Fall in love with him, not Spiderman. Peter wants to stop caring/worrying about people and just worry about his own life now. Spiderman uses his web to escape Pillar of Fire/Smoke Angel in the Burning Bush Peter Parker begins to â€Å"make peace† with being Spiderman and begins to try and create a â€Å"normal† life for himself. CHARACTER ARCHETYPES: 1. The Hero/ Heroine: the protagonist or central character, whose primary purpose is to separate from the ordinary world and sacrifice himself for the service of the journey at hand—to answer the challenge, complete the quest and restore the ordinary worlds Balance. 2. Mentor: provides motivation, insights and training to help the hero. 3. Threshold Guardian: protects the special world and its secrets from the hero, and provides essential tests to prove a heros commitment and worth. The threshold guardian is usually not the storys antagonist but may be a henchman/servant of the antagonist. The threshold guardian can also be a potential ally. 4. Herald(s): issue challenges and announce the coming of significant change. They can make their appearance anytime during a journey, but often appear at the beginning of the journey to announce a call to adventure. 5. Shapeshifter: misleads the hero by hiding a their true intentions and loyalties. The shapeshifter changes role or personality, often in significant ways, and is hard to understand. 6. Shadow: represents the darkest desires or may symbolize our greatest fears. Shadows may not be all bad, and may reveal admirable, even redeeming qualities. The heros enemies and villains often wear the shadow mask. 7. Trickster: enjoy the disruption of the normal way of things, turning the ordinary world into chaos. They may make characters see the absurdity of the situation and perhaps force a change in the outcome of the story.

The Drowner Essay Example

The Drowner Essay Language in literary texts often plays an integral role in shaping meaning. The Drowner (1996) is a contemporary Australian novel. Set in the lath 19th century and early 20th century the romance and historical epic follows the life of protagonist, William Dance, his relationship with Angelica Lloyd, and his Journey from England through, Africa, to Western Australia. Poetic Language, in particular symbolism, imagery and metaphors, are extensively used to construct and Juxtapose settings, characters and their relationships. The title of the novel can be interpreted both on a literal and metaphorical level, hich clearly establishes water as a motif and metaphor tthroughout the novel. Drowning refers to the act of controlling the flow of water, and is done by a Drowner who is a rural water engineer who is responsible for keeping the fields fertile. In the first section of the novel, The Art of Floating Land, readers are introduced to the character of Alphabetical Dance and his occupation as a drowner, sustaining life through the act of drowning, and hence water is established as a life-giving force. We will write a custom essay sample on The Drowner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Drowner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Drowner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On a more metaphorical level, the word drowning has connotations of death. Thus, the title Juxtaposes the idea of water as a life-giving force, and introduces it as a life- taking force, constructing the duality of water which is a central theme tthroughout the novel. Language, particularly imagery, plays an integral role in the construction of Will and Angelicas relationship tthroughout the novel. At their first encounter in the section Spa Water, the atmosphere is portrayed, through the use of vivid sensual imagery, apealing to the readers sense of aesthetic Judgement. Olfactory imagery is used describing lavender rapped in the activated stream. This pleasant odour is complimented with auditory imagery, Handel trickles into the baths. This imagery evokes synaesthesia for readers and clearly constructs Will and Angelicas relationship as blossoming and passionate, with an air of optimism for the progression of their relationship tthroughout the novel. However, later in the novel, the smell of lavender which was symbolic of their fresh and pleasant relationship evolves into the stench of rotting shark, as the dynamic of their relationship changes on their Journey to Africa. Sensual images are once again evoked as Angelica is descriptively riding him as if she could wrench both his character and the spirit of Africa from him. This vivid imagery gives readers a sense of violence and desperation, which Juxtaposes the earlier sense of optimism for the relationship. Language therefore plays a pivotal role in constructing William and Angelicas relationship, and foreshadowing the eventual entropic demise of their relationship. Language also plays an important role in presenting the disintegration of Will and Angelicas relationship. The isolation of Western Australia negatively impacts their relationship as Angelica becomes withdrawn and Will becomes desperate. Wills sexual desire is as sthrong as ever as he peels her dress and enters her in the snallows 0T tne water. I ne Klnaestnetlc Imagery 0T tne cola water, tne auditory images of Wills sobs and the vivid visual imagery of their bodies entwined in the water once again evokes synaesthesia in the reader. However, this synaesthesia does not appeal to readers aesthetically, and can even be described as un-aesthetic as Will is seemingly taking advantage of Angelica in her current fragile state due to her Blackwater fever. This creates Juxtaposition in the novel between Will and Angelicas first sensual encounter which appeals to readers, and their final sensual encounter which is almost repellent to readers. Due to the poetic language used, readers are able to clearly see the disintegration of the pairs relationship. Language is once again significant in constructing and Juxtaposing the antipodean landscape of the Western Australian desert. The landscape is described as arid plains, with isolated hills. The visual imagery depicts a setting which is a harshly masculine, monotonous and isolated. These characteristics can also be found in the goldfielders, who are the occupants of the town. This landscape is said to have obliterated individuality. The sound of the town is described to be a blend of braying camels and a malign roar of drinking men. This auditory imagery further emphasises the harshness of the setting as it bring out the animalistic nature of the goldfielders. The leitmotif and metaphor of water as a life-giving force and life-taking force reoccurs, as the lack of water is responsible for the baked and Juiceless bodies found in the desert. This almost gory imagery is pivotal in Juxtaposing the harsh Western Australian climate with the apealing setting of England. Symbolism plays a vital role in the construction of Angelica Lloyd. The section Spa Water, will notices a black swan, charcoal black back and red beak. Angelica however, points out that the swan should be white and plumper. This is symbolic of Angelica because the black swan foreshadows her travel to Australia, as the black swan is iconic to Western Australia, and hence is symbolic of change. Secondly, the idea of beauty that a swan symbolizes plays and important part in forming the character of Angelica. This is because Angelica focuses on what the swan should be rather than what it is which is symbolic of the actress in her, building beautiful facades. As Angelica travels through Africa, Angelica has a dream where her white horse gets destroyed by the smell of rotting shark. The majestic and powerful horse eing destroyed by the overbearing smell is symbolic of Angelicas dreams and aspirations being diminished as she travels to pursue Williams dreams and not hers. Thus, symbolism is important in constructing the character of Angelica. In conclusion, poetic language is particularly important for readers to shape meaning in the novel, The Drowner. Symbolism, metaphor and imagery play vital roles in constructing and Juxtaposing settings, characters and their relationships, as well as showing the progression of events in the novel and foreshadowing future events in the novel.

Nursing Community Planning, Prioritizing Implementing Healthcare Programs

Nursing Community Planning, Prioritizing Implementing Healthcare Programs In the face of limited financial and manpower resources, nursing practitioners are expected to prioritize health needs in the planning and implementation of healthcare initiatives (Hodges Videto, 2010). Nurses have a key role in planning and implementing healthcare programs by identifying the most immediate needs and increasingly assuming responsibility to plan, manage, control, and assess specific health concerns affecting diverse groups of the population within the community and/or workplace settings (Maurer Smith, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Community: Planning, Prioritizing Implementing Healthcare Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay evaluates specific dimensions related to the prioritization of healthcare needs in the workplace context.  Among the health needs provided in the case scenario, it would be plausible to start planning and implementing healthcare programs dealin g with more severe needs such as hypertension, cancer and respiratory problems. This prioritization is informed by factors such as the previous knowledge on the nature and scope of existing health needs, input from workers through active participation, and resources availed by management to implement healthcare programs (Maurer Smith, 2009). Given the scarcity of financial resources and manpower, it would be plausible to start targeting the primary level of prevention before proceeding to other levels. The primary level of prevention deals with educating the client population about safety and health practices that could be used to prevent the mentioned health challenges. An effective and efficient healthcare program, according to extant literature, should start by informing community members about the dangers of ineffective protection against the health conditions that the program aims to curtail (Maurer Smith, 2009).  The primary level of prevention has several positive implica tions and some negative implications as well. Among the positive implications, it can be argued that this strategy is not only easily applicable to the client population through the use of pamphlets and slide shows, but is also cost effective as it does not require sustained funding or additional human resources. Additionally, it empowers people to take control of their own health needs through the provision of relevant information (Hodges Videto, 2010). A major negative implication of this level of prevention, however, arises from its incapacity to provide early detection and prompt treatment of various health conditions affecting the client population (Maurer Smith, 2009). This implies that the level may not be of much assistance to employees who are already dealing with the condition because treatment interventions are initiated in the secondary level of prevention.   It is important to note that the tertiary level is a higher-level prevention strategy employed after specific health needs or conditions have already resulted in damage to individuals within the population (Maurer Smith, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This level may not fit into the financial and human resource parameters of the textile factory as it involves limiting disability and restoring the affected members to their maximum possible capacities through clinical and rehabilitation means, implying that it is capital and labor intensive (Hodges Videto, 2010).  Nursing professionals need to gather a lot of relevant information and data if they expect to be effective and efficient in prioritizing the needs of their client populations (Hodges Videto, 2010). To effectively prioritize the health needs of the client population in the case scenario, information about the severity of specific health needs, number and age categories of the affected, benefits and drawba cks of specific interventions, material and non-material resources available and the likelihood of the client population to actively participate in the healthcare programs and take charge over their health needs (Hodges Videto, 2010; Maurer Smith, 2009), must be availed to the team involved in the planning and implementation of healthcare programs in the textile factory. References Hodges, B.C., Videto, D.M. (2010). Assessment and planning in health programs (2nd. ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Maurer, F.A., Smith, C.M. (2009). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (5th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier.

The stages of the product life cycle and the marketing strategies Essay

The stages of the product life cycle and the marketing strategies - Essay Example Moreover, product life cycle ends with the removal of that product from the specific market place. Product life cycle can be characterized by several stages, such as research, development, introduction, growth, maturity, decline and obsolescence (Moore, Palich and Petty, 2006, p.312). Each and every stage is generally linked with the changes in the streams of parts, raw materials and distribution of the products. Generally product life cycle includes four traditional stages, such as introduction, growth, maturity and decline. These four stages of product life cycle are described below. Low sales growth rate of the products is the major characteristic of the introduction stage. In introduction stage the organizations launch or introduce new products in the market. Monopoly can be developed by the organizations depending upon the need and efficiency of the products to the customers (Saaksvuori and Immonen, 2011, p.103). During this stage the organizations generally accrue losses rather than business profit. It is true that if the organizations introduce products of new product class, the target customers may not be aware of true effectiveness and potential of these products. It is important for the organization to transfer information about the product among the target customers through several Medias in order to achieve potential competitive edge within the market place (Kumar and Korb, 2005, p.21). Introduction stage has two major characteristics namely low market competition and incurring loss rather than profit. Major characteristics of the growth stage are customers become responsive towards new products and growth of sales. This growth comes through the innovation’s acceptance by the target customers. Organizations generally enjoy significant business profit through their new products in this growth stage (Stark, 2011, p.32). If the organization can maintain the monopoly, they can experiment with innovation and several new effective ideas to maintain the sales growth. Growth stage is the appropriate time to introduce other new effective products in the competitive market place (Soenen and Olling, 2003, p.54). It creates an effective product image among the target customers and its competitors. During maturity stage, the sales and growth rate of the products gradually slowdown as the products have already achieved huge acceptance in the competitive market place (Wang and Gupta, 2011, p.239). New organizations start to experiment by innovative product models and strategies in order t o compete in the saturated market place. Competition for the target customers get fierce due to existence of many organizations, despite the increase of sales and growth rate at the initial phase of this maturity stage (Roebuck, 2011, p.76). At the beginning of this maturity stage, the business profit decreases due to aggressive competition within the market place. In addition, maturity stage of the product development is very much essential for the organizations to avoid decline stage of the products. Several products die and get wiped out from the market place in this decline stage due to the low sales’ growth rate of the products. Several organizations share the same competition. It makes difficult for all the entrants to control and maintain the sustainability of the sales levels (Frenken, 2006, p.133). Product category and efficiency of the organization become important factors in this decline stage as the target customers and market may perceive the specific product as the old product may lack potentiality and effectiveness. Lower demand of the products is the major characteristic of the decline

Argumentive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Argumentive - Essay Example Similarly mass murders are carried out by boys more often. Results show that all these teens seemed to have harbored a deep feeling of hopelessness or rage. Other factors that compel boys to respond more to peer pressure includes the violence and music they face while playing video and television games (Decter, pars. 11-13). In the process of trying to prove themselves, boys tend to get attracted to power. With power comes responsibility. Misuse of it leads to delinquent behaviors. To be a part of a specific group, adolescents acquire specific traits. This helps them in socializing and the peer pressure compels them to remain rooted to those traits. A social ecological influence leads a person to adopt specific behaviors and hinders them from doing certain things. Certain studies are carried out that report the affect of peers on tendency towards delinquent behaviors. One such study is carried out that uses data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. They conclude fro m this data that adolescents who hang around with delinquent peers tend to be more delinquent. Also, if the choice of their friends is not structured, they develop a tendency to be delinquent. They also conclude that to some extent age, gender, institution, or family structure does not intervene from the influence adolescents accept from their peers. This study has also divided their results based on socialization and opportunity models. A number of social and parental control variables are also considered in this study. This helps understand the impact of social circle of peers and their tendency to be delinquent (Haynie, pars 1-7). Delinquent behavior is not only the result of peer pressure but also societal issues that push people towards such extremes. Studies have shown that adolescents are forced towards delinquent actions to avoid being the outcast in a society. They get addicted to please people and do things to get in their good book that they won't do under normal circumst ances. Adolescents need to stay focused on principles in order to realize they are not crossing any lines when it comes to moral values. This can be achieved through values taught at their homes. It needs to be strongly embedded in the child's brain that they understand who they are and what they need and what ways are moral or immoral to attain their goals. The development of this understanding is only possible if the family is complete and not a broken home. Single parents may not be able to instill a sense of responsibility in their teens alone. They might require additional help as in the case of Hubert who was supervised by his mother alone. She had to look after other children as well and to make his space in society among people who do not mock him, he joined a gang. The importance of the role of father supervision in a boy's life is highlighted in this case. Adolescents who get carried away due to peer pressure need to be guided by a trusted but authoritative family member w ho can influence the adolescent and make the teen realize the implications of their actions (Greer, pars 2-4). The role of parents in controlling delinquent behaviors has been discussed a lot in the past. It has been noted that parents who spend more time with their children and keep in touch with their social circle seem to prevent them from delinquent company. This phenomenon can be categorized as exposure control as the parents control who their

Factors influencing the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions Essay

Factors influencing the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions - Essay Example Role of enzyme: enzymes catalyze physiologic reactions by decreasing the activation energy level that the reactants (substrates) must reach for the reaction to occur. They cannot alter the equilibrium of a reaction but can only decrease the activation energy of the reaction thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Activation energy: it is the amount of energy that is required to raise all molecules in one mole of a compound (substrate) at a specified temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier. Free energy of activation: it is the energy barrier that prevents chemical reactions. Reactants processing enough energy to overcome the energy barrier participate in product formation .The enzyme activity is determined by the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction under certain defined conditions2. Reaction rate/velocity (v): it is the rate of conversion of a substrate to products per min (mol/min). The reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of reacting molecules.A + B C + D If concentration of A and B is doubled, the rate of reaction is also doubled. At equilibrium, forward reaction and backward reaction are equal, so that K1 A + B C +D K2 Forward reaction R1 = K1 [A] [B] Backward reaction R2 = K2 [C] [D] At equilibrium R1 = R2 OR K1 [A] [B] = K2 [C] [D] OR K1/K2 = [C] [D] / [A] [B] = Keq or Equilibrium constant...Each enzyme contains 2. Catalytic efficiency: enzymes are highly efficient catalysts and can catalyze million times faster than an uncatalyzed reaction .it is capable of transforming 100 to 1000 substrate molecules into products each second. Role of enzyme: enzymes catalyze physiologic reactions by decreasing the activation energy level that the reactants (substrates) must reach for the reaction to occur. They cannot alter the equilibrium of a reaction but can only decrease the activation energy of the reaction thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Activation energy: it is the amount of energy that is required to raise all molecules in one mole of a compound (substrate) at a specified temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier. Free energy of activation: it is the energy barrier that prevents chemical reactions. Reactants processing enough energy to overcome the energy barrier participate in product formation .The enzyme activity is determined by the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction under certain defined conditions2. 2. Substrate concentration: as substrate concentration is increased, the velocity is also correspondingly increased in initial phases but as the enzymes molecules get saturated and further increase in substrate concentration cannot make any effect in reaction velocity. 3.

Ecological Theory Typical And Atypical Child Development Social Work Essay

Ecological Theory Typical And Atypical Child Development Social Work Essay Analyse the contribution of Ecological theory to our understanding of typical and atypical child development, and discuss this model in relation to the factors and possible interventions for child abuse The importance of insight regarding the parent/child bond has always been a component of social services custom, but the significance has not always been indentified of the interaction that the environment plays on a parents ability to act in their childs best interests (Department of Health, 1999). A significant breakthrough in the knowledge of child abuse appears to have emerged through the application of an ecological model of child maltreatment, The ecological paradigm is currently the most comprehensive model we have for understanding child abuse (Gallagher 2001; 76). Such a perspective has generally been derived from theory based on Bronfenbrenners (1979) pioneering work, in which he defines to which The ecology of human development involvesthe progressive, mutual accommodation between an active, growing human being and the changing properties of the immediate settingsthis process is affected by relations between these settings and by the larger contexts in which these settings are embedded. (Sidebotham, 2001; 105). The importance of an ecological standpoint in the perception of abuse is, firstly, that it widens the boundaries of the unfavourable effects of maltreatment on children beyond just the parent-child relationship to consider the familial and social context in which such abuse occurs. Second, the ecological model is transactional; in the sense that it acknowledges the individual and the immediate and wider influences as actively interacting with each other. However, it should be noted that this ideology holds some limitations in the sense that it would not seem to account very well for child sexual abuse. Any pairing together of juxtapositions forms of behaviour as occurs with child abuse or child maltreatment, is bound to result in some loss of specificityIt would be foolish to think that ecological models are the final word on child abusethere is not single solution to abuse (Gallagher 2001; 77). Specific hazardous factors contribute to parents abusing their children. Although maltreatment does not often occur without numerable of these factors interacting in the same household simultaneously. Firstly, the risk of abuse increases in any household exposed to significant stress, regardless if this stress arises from unemployment, poverty, neighbourhood violence, a lack of social support, or an especially demanding infant (CDC, 2006). Bronfenbrenners predominant layer, or microsystem, refers to the collaborations that occur within the childs immediate environment. The childs own genetic and social characteristics affect the habits, behaviour and patience of their peers, For example, a temperamentally tiresome infant could disaffect their parents or even create friction between them that may be sufficient to damage their marital relationship (Belsky Crnic, 1995). Also, the relationship between any two individuals in the microsystem is likely to be influenced by the introduction of a child. Fathers, for example, clearly influence mother-infant interactions, happily married mothers who have close supportive relationships with their husbands tend to interact much more patiently and sensitively with their infants than mothers who experience marital tension, little support from their spouses, or feel that they are raising their children on their own (Cox et al, 1992). In regards to the emphasis on family, the notion to which a parent regards their competence and rates the performance of their parenting role is also a relevant matter. Parenting competence has been noted as problematic among abusive parents (Marsh Johnston, 1990) and linked with increased abuse possibility. Whilst acknowledging that improvement of parenting capacity is an important objective one must be cautious in concluding that improved competency in parenting directly results in a reduction in child maltreatment as observations on interactions based under experimental conditions rarely reflect in daily life (Gallagher,2001;248). Direct exposure to abuse can have a dangerous impact as abused children tend to function less adaptively than their non-abused peers in many areas (Cicchetti, Rogosch, 1993). According to Hipwell et al (2008) Children in a caring and loving environment feel more secure in their immediate surrounds in regard to the microsystem, they develop greater self-confidence, are altruistic and show higher signs of being empathetic. These children are also shown to have larger IQs throughout their schooling life, and show lower levels of anger and delinquent behaviour. As Bronfenbrenners ecological model would present, higher degrees of affection can even buffer a child against the negative implications of otherwise precarious environments (Bartley Fonagy, 2008). Several studies of children and teens growing up in poor, dangerous neighbourhoods show that the single ingredient that most clearly distinguishes the lives of those who do not become delinquent from those who do is a high level of mat ernal love (McCdord, 1982). The Mesosystem is the connections or interrelationship among such microsystems as homes, schools, and peer groups. Bronfenbrenner argues that development will be increased by supportive and strong connections between Microsystems. For example, children who have instigated attached and secure relationships with parents have a tendency to be accepted by others and to have close, supportive peers during their development (Perry, 1999). According to McAdoo (1996) a childs competence to learn in a schooling environment is dependent upon the quality of the teaching provided and also the degree to which their parents place value upon education capital and how they interact with the teacher and vice-versa. However, this can also impact negatively at this level as when deviant peer groups or friends of the child devalue scholastics, they will tend to undermine that childs school performance in spite of teacher and parents best efforts. Numerable research has revealed that exposure to abuse had a severe negative impact upon a childs academic functioning. Schwab-Stone et al (1995) concluded that as the consistency of maltreatment increased this had a direct negative correlation with academic performance. Likewise, Bowen (1999) found in a sample of over 2000 high school students that exposure to community and school violence put limitations on school attendance, behaviour and results. Warner and Weist (1999) revealed that children from low income families who are witnesses to household and neighbourhood violence demonstrated atypical symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. The symptoms continue upon the latter to include atypical externalising behaviours such as anger, inability to form relationships and a decline in academic performance. Surviving on a low income in a bad neighbourhood does not make it impossible to be the caring, affectionate parent of healthy, sociable children. But it does, undeniably, make it more difficult (Utting, 1995, p. 40). Children from low-income households may display more behavioural troubles than their better-off peers. However, according to Gorman-Smith (1998) family factors, including parenting practices do not predict childrens exposure to violence. He suggests that other community factors rather than their household income will influence and operate on children and those family factors are not powerful enough to mediate or moderate their effects. Such studies have often found there to be an important correlation between communities in which citizens have described a high level of community cohesions and children safety, with an increase in child abuse being linked with a negative sense of community identity. Self-care has the most negative effects for children in low-income neighbourhoods with high crime rates (Marshall et al, 1997). Children who begin self-care at an early age are more vulnerable to older self-care children in their communities who can damage or abuse them. These children are more likely to have adjustment problems in school and are more likely to use after-school with socially deviant peers who do not value school and undergo criminal activities. Predictably, then the positive effects of organised after school programs on academic achievement are greater for children in low-income neighbourhoods (Mason Chuang, 2001). Bronfenbrenners penultimate layer, or exosystem, consists of contexts that children and their peers may not be aware although nevertheless will influence their development. For example, parents work environments are an exosystem influence. Childrens emotional relationships at home may be influenced considerably by whether or not their parents enjoy their work (Greenberger, ONeal, Nagel, 1994). In a similar fashion, childrens experiences in school may be influenced by their exosystem, by a social integration plan taken on by the school council, or by job cuts in their community that result in a decline in the schools revenue. Negative impacts on development can also result when the exosystem breaks down. For example, Sidebotham (2002) has shown that households that are affected by unemployment, poor housing and poor social networks are more likely to be involved in increased occurrences of child abuse. Whose comments are justified next to Beeman (1997) who concluded that a lack of so cial support and a high consistency of negative attitudes towards available networks all contribute towards the chances of child maltreatment. The majority of the research on the impact of mothers employment concludes towards a small positive influence on most children (Scott, 2004). Children whose mothers are in employment are more confident and show more admiration for their mothers in contrast to those mothers who do not work. The effect of the mothers work on influencing attitudes and results in school become less apparent, with many studies showing no difference (Gottfried, Bathurst, 1994). Muller (1995) in his large study on the latter topic distinguished a small but comprehensible negative difference on the effect on maths results if that childs mother was in employment. However, this difference seemed to be based on the fact that mothers who do not work as much are less engrossed with their childs work and are less likely to oversee the childs work continuously after school, rather than from a long-lasting deficit brought about by maternal employment in the early years. Thus, working mothers who find ways to provide such supervision and who remain involved with their childrens schools have kids who do as well as children whose mothers are homemakers. Research evidence intuitively shows that when a man becomes unemployed, it places a strain on his marriage; which in turn leads to an increase in marital conflict and both mother and father show more signs of depression. The effects of these conflicts eventually show the same characteristics as families who are experiencing divorce; both parents appear less coherent in their attitudes towards their children, become less loving and less effective at monitoring them. Similarly, children, in turn respond to this situation as they would during their parents divorce by exhibiting a series of atypical behaviours which can include depression, anger or becoming involved in delinquent behaviour. According to Conger et al (1992), the likelihood of abuse at all levels, shows an increase during times of households unemployment. However, according to Berger (2004) parents who are experiencing divorce but who have a supportive framework and emotional support from friends are increasingly more like ly to provide a safe and affectionate environment for children in comparison to those who are occupied in social isolation. Gorman-Smith and Tolan (1998), in their study of the effects of divorce, did not find that family structure and other familial influences had an independent involvement towards the prediction of exposure to abuse in comparison to that of other risk factors such as the breakdown of traditional social processes in the community. Low income parents are characterised by contributing towards their childs atypical development as Evans (2004) concludes that parents of such a nature are less likely to communicate with their children, spend less time engaging with them in intellectually stimulating activities and in turn are harsher and more aggressive in their discipline techniques. Not all children follow the same development pathways and there are certain factors that influence their development. For example, children below the poverty line are half as likely to recall the alphabet and have the ability to count by the time they enter the first years of schooling. This development according to Brooks-Gunn (1995) also applies, and is maintained through to adolescence as older children in poverty are twice as likely as their counterparts to repeat a year of school and are less likely to go onto higher education. In keeping with Bronfenbrenners model, parental values on the best way to deal with discipline will be largely in coherence with the larger culture in which they reside. According to Lockhart (Ecology of Development; 345), by striking a child it will usually stop the chid from repeating the behaviour. Although research evidence suggests that children who are spanked, like children who are abused at later ages are less popular with their peers and show higher levels of aggression, lower self-esteem, more emotional instability, higher rates of depression and distress, and higher levels of delinquency and later criminality (Mostow Campbell, 2004). Bronfenbrenners concluding layer is that of a macrosystem which entails a broad, overarching ideology in which the child is embedded, and whose principles dictate how a child should be treated and how discipline should be distributed. These principles differ across macrosystems (cultures) and sub-cultures and social classes and can have a direct influence on the types of experiences a child will have in all levels of their ecological system. To cite one example, Belsky (1993) discusses how the incidence of child abuse in families (a microsystem experience) is much lower in those cultures (or macrosystems) that discourage physical punishment of children and advocate nonviolent ways of resolving interpersonal conflict. Similarly Clarke (1997) revealed how at the level of the macrosystem, a Government policy that ensures parents have the option to take paid or unpaid leave from their jobs to see to family matters could provide a significant intervention towards child abuse allowing pare nts more free time to observe their childs development and resolve difficulties that may arise within their child. The debate that encircles the surrounding links between culture and child abuse is a complex notion, which has resulted in a myriad of concerns. For instance, recent statistics of child maltreatment has indicated that ethnic minority children are substantially more at risk of abuse than their Caucasian counterparts (U.S Department of Health, 2006). However Lassiter (1987) has countered, showing that these minorities may be over-represented to the relevant services. Lassiter argues that biased statistics do not take into consideration other influencing factors such as socioeconomic status and the level of schooling received. Without considering socioeconomic factors that may also influence the parent and child, research risks inadvertently concluding that factors that increase abuse potential are because of race or ethnicity, or are universal. The contextual risk variable that looks to have the biggest part in forecasting child maltreatment is having a family member who has also been a direct victim of some form of previous abuse. For example, A parent suffering from the stress of having been victimised herself or having another family member who has been victimised may be overwhelmed and more disturbed by the childs behaviour and may, therefore, have a lower threshold for viewing the childs externalizing behaviour as problematic. Primary or universal support targets the community as a whole, with generic initiatives, campaigns and community-based services that support parents and families without entry criteria. Their aim is to prevent problems such as child abuse and family breakdown (Healy Darlington, 1999). MacMillan (1994) in describing child abuse interventions found it necessary to distinguish between the differing forms of prevention, including that of primary intervention to which he describes as any manoeuvre that is provided to the general population or a sample of the general population or a sample of the general population to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment;, and secondary prevention, early detection of a condition with the aim of shortening the duration of the disorder, and tertiary prevention, prevention of recurrence of maltreatment and impairment resulting from abuse. MacMillan further explained the difficulties in prevention in regards to psychological and emotional maltreatment, which accounts for a high number of reported cases but difficulty arises when evidence needs to be collated, and if emotional abuse is accepted as a form of abuse, then the distinction between primary and secondary prevention or indeed tertiary prevention becomes less clear. Osofsky (1995) in his research on primary prevention has called for a nationwide campaign that would address to change the attitudes toward maltreatment and lower peoples tolerance of child abuse. Support for an ecological approach to child welfare is evident in the Framework for the Assessment of Children and their Families (Department of Health et al, 2000), which stresses the need to consider not only the factors relating to the child and their parents, but also the wider context in which children live when assessing their needs, acknowledging the impact of social and community factors on childrens welfare. This is also justified through the Every Child Matters document which refers to the concept of Making a positive contribution; being involved with the community and society. Involving local communities in the prevention of child abuse was acknowledged by Nelson and Baldwin (2002) who asserted that the Every Child Matters model has the potential to involve communities enthusiast ically in partnership with agencies in identifying problems and seeking solutions and that the process can help to build communities which are more informed, aware and thoughtful about child protection. Although the presence of risk factors, such as a poor environment or unsupportive relationships with primary caregivers, or being looked after outside the family, increases the likelihood of a negative outcome for the individual, studies of competence and resilience have shown that, regardless of background, children are generally resourceful. Competence has been shown to be a mediating variable that predicts positive or negative outcomes (Smith, Cowie, Blades, 2001; 569).

Computers in Medicine :: Medical Technology Technological papers

Computers in Medicine In today’s society, there is a wide range of computer use. Almost every where you go today you are required to have some sort of basic understanding of how a computer is operated. In my report, I am going to tell you how computers are use in the field of medicine. There is a wide variety of use and need for a computer in the medical field. Some of the main points I will be discussing is why Health Care Professionals use computers, where computers are used in the Health System, while giving you some insight on computers in the medical field in which you may not have thought of. Computers are used by Health Care Professionals because they can help increase the productivity. This allows a health care facility to keep computerized medical records. With the programs, out there today this allows the physician to analyze a patient’s data statistically and mathematically. This leads to the use of multimedia patient records. A multimedia file is an image, text file, a video clip, and audio file: anything that can be displayed or played on your monitor or speakers. An example of this would be: A cardiologist can scan a patient’s EKG strip and attach the image to the patients record for future reference. By being able to store your patients data on a hard drive this will cut down on the amount of papers around the office, and the number of staff members a physician may need to hire. By having, a patient’s file stored in your computer memory could dramatically cut down the time it takes a physician to locate the necessary information needed for a particular patient. Not only can computers be beneficial to cutting down on the amount of work, it could also open the lines of communication between the patient and physician. If a physician begins to utilize e-mail, this could increase the amount of communication with patients. This could be beneficial to his/her practice. A computer is used in a wide variety of places throughout the Health Care System: Clerical stations for reports, memos, patients records, billing, statistics, insurance claims, charting and research graphics; Nursing stations for reports, patients records, hospital information systems; Medical instruments for patients monitors, medication delivery systems, and lab equipment. In Medical education, computers are used for Computer Aided Instructions, Computer Managed Instruction and Interactive Multi-media systems, and there are many more uses of the computer evolving such as, for diagnosis, research, Publication retrieval (National Library of

Kunta Kinte and Gustavus Vassa 2

The essential topic of black people history is the continuous fight to defeat the barrier of race, and the actuality of unequal cultural identity between black and white people. â€Å"This racial bifurcation has created parallel realities or racial universes, in which blacks and whites may interact closely with one another, but perceive social reality in dramatically different ways† (Gordon 2003). Blacks still suffer from discrimination trying to overcome all the difficulties and forget about their terrible past – slavery. However the past can’t die and there are historical masterpieces that remind people about their past experience. Literature is the main sources of them. On the example of the life of two slaves the given paper will prove that the life of   every slave was very much alike, almost the same, because of the lack of any opportunity for slaves to make their life outstanding The life of Kinta Kunte Alex Haley is the author of the novel  «Roots: The Saga of an American Family » Kinta Kunte is the main character of this novel. The movie â€Å"Roots† was created based on the book. This work is considered to be a faction that is a combination of both historical data and creative writing. Some plot is taken from a writing called â€Å"The African† written by Harold Courlander. The main character of  «Roots: The Saga of an American Family »,   Kunta was caught and taken as a slave to Annapolis, Maryland. Soon plantation holder from Spotsylvania County bought him (Gordon 2003). In Maryland a monument to Kunta Kinte was created. It is one of a small number of memorials in the whole world to have the name of a really existed African slave. There are some other monuments like the monument of Zumbi from Palmares Quilombo (a Negro and the leader of revolution) and the monument of Bussa. The memorial of Kunta Kinte represents Alex Haley, manuscript on his knee, narrating his family's history to three kids. In a disreputable event, the Kunta Kinte statue was stolen in a very short period after its putting in place in 1981. It was not found and was restores within several months. But the new one was also stolen. A monument of Alex Haley telling the story to the kids is in its place (Gordon 2003). The author started his narration with Kunte's birth. The main character of the novel was born in the rural community called Juffure in The Gambia in 1750. Kunte was the first of four children of the fighter Oumaru and his wife Binta. As his father was a soldier Kunte's was brought up in very strict conditions and became a good warrior (Gordon 2003). In 1767, when the young fighter went to the wood to create a drum, he was caught by a group of people. Kunte woke up and realized that he became a captive of the white people. Haley shows how they disgrace the young soldier. Kunte and other captives are taken on a steamer for a terrifying three month trip to the United State. (Williams 2001) There were 140 captives of the board of the ship, but only 98 remained alive after the trip. Kunte was among them. When they came to Maryland the young black soldier was sold to a white man who gave him a new name â€Å"Toby† to his shock. For the rest of his life Kunte was dreaming of freedom and making attempts to run away. Once he was caught and the part of his foot was taken out. He married slave women Bell Waller and had a kid by name Kizzy. Unhappily, Kizzy was sold to another plantation. Years later Kizzy got to know that her father died, she came to his grave, crossed the name â€Å"Toby† and wrote her father’s real name Kinta Kunte. (Williams 2001) The rest of the story is about the life of Kizzy and Alex Haley telling about their distress, losses and final victory in America. The life of Gustavus Vassa The character of Kinta Kunte is symbolic; his story tells us the story of many slaves that is usually the same and not interesting and distinguished. The life of the given character is very much alike the life of Olaudah Equiano known as Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001) According to his own narration, Olaudah Equiano was born in â€Å"Essaka† not far from the River Niger. His father was a respected man in the village. People in the village were plain, had quiet and happy life. When he was very young he was caught exactly like Kinta Kunte and sold to slavery. He never saw white people before. Equiano had many brothers and a sister, a large happy family. Her sister was caught together with him. Equiano was re-sold several times: he was not demanded because of small height. At last he was taken to Virginia, where he was bought by a man who decided to call his Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001) In contrast to Kinta Kunte who has only one nickname â€Å"Toby† Equiano was presented with new names by his owners many times. Notwithstanding that, this time a black man rejected the new one and courageously informed his new possessor that he wanted to be called Jacob. Pascal punished the salve and left him in shackles until he agrees to take the name he thought out for him. Equiano wrote that he had to except the new name at last in order to be freed. The cause of the somewhat strange selection of name for a slave is mysterious. (Williams 2001) In his autobiographical work, Equiano describes the unacceptable treatment of slaves who worked in houses of their owners in Virginia. They went through a number of abnormal types of punishment and traditions like the application of so-called â€Å"iron muzzles† around the mouth of the slave make him quiet which prevented him from normal sleeping and eating. The story expresses the fear and shock Equiano went through in his new surroundings thinking that the eyes on wall were tracing him and a clock could tell his master everything about the mistakes he made in his work.   (Williams 2001) Conclusion The conclusion can be made that the lives of two slaves are very much alike. Both of them were born in small villages, than stolen. That explains their great desire to become free: they were not born slaves, so it was extremely unacceptable for them to appear in such conditions. Both of them lost their real names, suffer almost the same punishments. It is useless to look for the differences comparing the life of two slaves. The age of slavery ended but it has its own consequences. Race as a communal construction makes up its own internal logic and social expressions of pain, irritation, and disaffection within different societies. (Reid-Pharr 1999) Sources Gordon, Dexter B. Black Identity:   Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003. Reid-Pharr, Robert. Conjugal Union: The Body, the House, and the Black American. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Williams, Vernon J. â€Å"Racial Essentialism: A Case of Historical Continuity and Discontinuity in the Social Sciences.† The Western Journal of Black Studies 25.4 (2001): 202.   

Immigration Essays (386 words) - Clifford Sifton, Free Essays

Immigration Essays (386 words) - Clifford Sifton, Free Essays Immigration subject = history title = Immigration Immigration Early immigration to Canada was generated by a network of emigration agents who were salesman who advertised to Canadas attractions to prospected immigrants. They targeted wealthy farmers, agricultural laborers and female domestics, preferably from Great Britain, the United States and Northern Europe. Canadas first immigration legislation, the Immigration Act of 1869 reflected the laissez-faire philosophy of the time by not saying which classes of immigrants should be admitted but , merely that the "governor" could prohibit the landing of pauper or destitute immigrants at any Canadian port. The Chinese, who were arriving in large numbers to build the railway, were a special target of fear and suspicion. An act passed in 1885 to "restrict and regulate" Chinese immigration, was later complemented by head taxes designed to discourage Chinese immigration. It wasnt until the 1960s that regulations and restriction to Chinese immigration were completely lifted. The 19th century closed with a world wide depression and a slow down of immigration to the West. But all that changed in 1895, when Clifford Sifton was appointed as Minister of the Interior at the start of an economic recovery. Sifton believed that "a stalwart peasant in sheep skin coat" made the most desirable immigrant , and set out to attract people suited for farming, In 1896, 16,835 immigrants entered Canada. When Sifton left in 1905, the population was 141,464. It rocketed to 400,970 by 1913. Some three million newcomers arrived between 1896 and the outbreak of World War 1. But Siftons policies triggered criticism, despite success in attracting farmers. Immigration from central and southeastern Europe raised a ground swell of hostility on the prairies because residents didnt believe theses newcomers could assimilate readily into the dominant Anglo-Saxon society. The authorities wanted to keep African-Canadians out of Canada because they thought that they were useless to Canada. They thought that the African-Canadians couldnt be farmers or could do any form of work that was useful to Canada so they thought that it would be better to keep them out of Canada then to have them in. Almost all of Canadas population can be traced back to the major immigration period between 1867 and 1915 which was when the most people immigrated to Canada which was a grand total of three million.

Free Essays on Maya Angelu

Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. She was born under the name Marguerite Johnson, but her brother Baily renamed her Maya. Her parents, Baily and Vivian Baxter Johnson, got divorced when she was very young. Maya grew up in a very racist town. There were many problems in her life, in which she describes in her autobiographical novel â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†. At the age of 16, she became pregnant, while experimenting if her sexual preference was males or females. She had to get numerous jobs to support herself and her son, Clyde, who was later known as Guy. In 1952, she married a man named Tosh Angelos, but due to his atheist ideals, which grew to be unacceptable to Maya’s religion, the marriage soon ended. In order to have money to support herself and Clyde, she was forced to become a dancer and a bar girl in a strip joint. After she got enough money, she moved to New York and sang at various clubs. Maya started her writing caree r in New York with the Harlem Literary Guild. She made contracts which led to her recognition as a producer, director, and performer. In 1960, she married a South African freedom fighter, Vusumzi Make. They both got jobs as editors of the Arab Observer. The marriage ended three years later, and Maya moved to Ghana. She felt at home for the first time of her life. This is when she started her first writings. Maya was nominated for an Emmy Award for her acting in â€Å"Roots† and â€Å"Georgia, Georgia†. She also received a Pulitzer Prize Nomination for her poems â€Å"Just Give Me a Cool Drink ‘fore I Die† (1971) and â€Å"And Still I Rise† (1976). Being President Bill Clinton’s favorite writer, he asked her to write and deliver a poem for his 1993 presidential inauguration. She also wrote a poem for the â€Å"Million Man March†. â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† became a best-selling book on 20 January 1993. Now, Maya is a Reynolds professor of American Studies at Wake Forres... Free Essays on Maya Angelu Free Essays on Maya Angelu Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. She was born under the name Marguerite Johnson, but her brother Baily renamed her Maya. Her parents, Baily and Vivian Baxter Johnson, got divorced when she was very young. Maya grew up in a very racist town. There were many problems in her life, in which she describes in her autobiographical novel â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†. At the age of 16, she became pregnant, while experimenting if her sexual preference was males or females. She had to get numerous jobs to support herself and her son, Clyde, who was later known as Guy. In 1952, she married a man named Tosh Angelos, but due to his atheist ideals, which grew to be unacceptable to Maya’s religion, the marriage soon ended. In order to have money to support herself and Clyde, she was forced to become a dancer and a bar girl in a strip joint. After she got enough money, she moved to New York and sang at various clubs. Maya started her writing caree r in New York with the Harlem Literary Guild. She made contracts which led to her recognition as a producer, director, and performer. In 1960, she married a South African freedom fighter, Vusumzi Make. They both got jobs as editors of the Arab Observer. The marriage ended three years later, and Maya moved to Ghana. She felt at home for the first time of her life. This is when she started her first writings. Maya was nominated for an Emmy Award for her acting in â€Å"Roots† and â€Å"Georgia, Georgia†. She also received a Pulitzer Prize Nomination for her poems â€Å"Just Give Me a Cool Drink ‘fore I Die† (1971) and â€Å"And Still I Rise† (1976). Being President Bill Clinton’s favorite writer, he asked her to write and deliver a poem for his 1993 presidential inauguration. She also wrote a poem for the â€Å"Million Man March†. â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† became a best-selling book on 20 January 1993. Now, Maya is a Reynolds professor of American Studies at Wake Forres...

Read the requirement carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Read the requirement carefully - Essay Example They are also used to determine the effect competition has on certain goods. Effects of these forces can be interpreted well especially in a perfect market. A perfect market is a market that is governed by certain conditions. They are: there are no restrictions to entering the market; information about the market is readily available; there is no party in the market that has any powers to set prices and technology is equally accessed by all participants in the market, (Mankiw, 2011). The demand of a commodity is the quantity of a good or service a consumer is willing and ahs the ability to buy. The law of demand stipulates that, when there are no other factors at play, the higher the price of a good or service, the lower the demand for that good or services. For example, if the price of milk increases then the demand for milk will fall. Diagram 1.a is a simple illustration of a demand curve Diagram 1.a However, there is an exception with velben and giffen goods, (Arnold, 2008). A vel ben good is a type of commodity whose demand rises with the increase of its price. Normally giffen goods are considered commodities of position. They include jewelry, expensive cars among others. Giffen good is a commodity whose demand increases irrespective of the change in price. ... The responsiveness of the demand of goods and services to these factors is referred to as elasticity of demand. The percentage change of the quantity demanded for a particular good is referred to as price elasticity of demand. it is derived from the formulae . Diagram 1.c illustrates price elasticity of milk. Diagram 1.c An increase in the price of milk from p1 to p2 will result in a slight decrease in the quantity demanded from q1 to q2. This is because products like milk experience inelastic price elasticity. This is because the milk is a necessity good which experiences this type of elasticity, (Mankiw, 2011). Cross price elasticity of demand is the difference in the amount demanded for a good in percentage as a result of a percentage change in the price of other goods. It is derived from the formula, (Hall and Lieberman, 2007). In this case there are different types of curves to show the responsiveness of the amount demanded as a result of changes in price of other goods. Diagram 1.d shows the cross elasticity of complementary goods. These are goods that are used together. For example, milk and bread are complementary goods. If the price of bread drops from p1 to p2 then we expect the demand of milk to increase from p1 to p2. Diagram 1.d Diagram 1.e shows the cross elasticity of independent for independent goods. These are goods whose use is independent of each other, for example, milk and electronics are independent. Hence a change in the price of electronics from p2 to p1 will result in no change in the price of milk. It will remain at q1.. Diagram 1.e Income elasticity of demand is the percentage change demand of a certain commodity as a result in changes in income of the consumer. It is derived from the formula .Since milk is a

Green Town Football Club Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green Town Football Club - Assignment Example An Administrator also will be a part of the club's structure, his/her duties will include, assisting with the registrations, tournaments and also with the correspondence. Treasures also will be a part of the club and his/her major duties will include, looking after the financial matters of the club. Another important duty of his/her will be to maintain records of the financial activities of the club. Age coordinators will also feature in the part of the club's structure, their main role will be to - Since the club is a non - profit organization, the equipment will be sponsored by the sponsors. The Grounds men will take care of all the equipment and the last part which is communication will initially be done by memos. This structure is required because this is the easiest structure that can be adopted while forming a football club and the whole structure will be brought in effect gradually, which means that the interested people will be selected one by one depending on their capabilities. Commission for children and young people stresses upon the fact that, every child is a valued member of the society, this should be kept in mind all the time and all the coaches should make sure that no child is hurt in any manner off the pitch. "The child's views and wishes should be taken into account in a way that has regard to the child's age and maturity" (Legislation, 13 September 2008). This should be kept in mind and all the coaches should adhere to this strictly. All the children should be given a chance to play, no matter how good or bad they play. How they play should be secondary, the primary objective of the coaches should be to make sure that active participation takes place. There will be different coaches, handling the different age groups of children which will depend upon their experience and zeal. For the young children training will take place in the afternoons during the weekdays, the coaches should make sure that only the fittest players are selected as it would take the strongest children to bear the heat. Parents who will drop their children to training and who will leave after dropping their children, such children should be made comfortable and should be well taken care of by the coaches because the children will be the sole responsibility of the club during this period. Any mishap caused to them will ultimately affect the reputation of the club. Hence it should be made sure that the safety of such children is well taken care of by the coaches. Any kind of transportation requests by the parents should be turned down very politely; doing so will reduce the vulnerability of the children as far as the coaches are concerned. Clause This is to make some important things very clear, first of all soccer is an unpredictable game not only in the sense of result but also the consequences of crunching tackles, so this is to warn all the parents and guardians that the club will not be held responsible if any