Venus Figures Free Essays

DC Venus Figures Venus figures have been found In different spots of the world, at various timeframes. This infers all societies shared a typical conviction or a typical idea of ladies and their bodies. The Venus figures are most prominently known to speak to fruitfulness. We will compose a custom article test on Venus Figures or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now These puppets were commonly produced using delicate stone (gauge, calcite or limestone), bone, Ivory, wood, or earthenware dirts. The healthy of every Venus puppet from each timespan shows how a typical idea be shared over a landmass or extensive stretches of time. There are basically a huge number of Venus totality. Ordinarily, they were produced using delicate stone, bone, ivory, wood or artistic muds. Venus dolls were worked with huge bosoms, stomachs, and legs. They didn't have a face, and little arms settled upon the bosoms. On their heads, a woven-like example is seen, potentially meaning their hair was twisted or they were wearing a cap. They are in some cases depicted as â€Å"lozenge-shaped† The Venus puppets are thought to represent various things. The most mainstream thought the dolls are thought to speak to in fruitfulness. Connecting to that, It is thought to indicated the phases of a woman’s life: pubescence, pregnancy, labor, and the heftiness of later life. Different speculations are that they were strict images, sex images for men, or even self-pictures of ladies taken from a contorted point of view. Socially, ladies were not prevailing for quite a long time. Ladies have as a rule been seen as an image of sex, â€Å"trophies†, or house-guardians one might say. The Venus figures are ostensibly sex images. They delineate women’s’ richness. With this, it is inferable that they were turned upward to, however mediocre. Ladies were feasible â€Å"things† that had no control over a man and his manliness. When taking a gander at the Venus figures, we can investigate them to accept that men needed ladies and needed a significant number of them, since they considered them to be Just figures. Venus figures were made by individuals across Eurasia. They were made In the ancient time frame and are most usually accepted to be an image of richness. They were produced using bone, ivory, delicate stone, wood, or clay kills. They ordinarily homelike a woman’s richness and her lifetime. Instructions to refer to Venus Figures, Papers

The Japanese Quince

Japanese Quince† is a story that depict around a piece of Mr†¦ Nelson's life. It begins with Mr†¦ Nilsson being drawn outside where he ends up remaining before a Japanese quince tree. Before he can feel the exceptional of the tree, he finds that his neighbor is additionally outside and in the long run Mr†¦ Nilsson strolls back inside to proceed with his exhausting day. The basic occasion lead the story into a more profound authoritative level.John Goalmouths, the creator, utilizes imagery inside his short story to make a more profound importance inside: whenever allowed a chance to completely change them, a few people are delayed to be deliberately. In any case, subliminal variables may impact their practices in manners that can affect their lives from numerous points of view which they didn't foresee. All through this story, John Goalmouths utilizes some imagery. The story starts with Mr†¦ Nilsson perusing his paper when he feels a sharp torment close to hi s fifth rib, Just over his heart. He takes full breaths to attempt to diminish the agony, however it just aggravates it. He attempts to make sense of the reason for the pain.Deep In thought, Mr†¦ Nilsson gets occupied by a lovely â€Å"fragrance† from the quince tree In the close by park. He disregards his agony and appreciates the interruption of the tree. This illness represents the void that he feels, Mr†¦ Nilsson doesn't have the foggiest idea what It Is and attempts to make sense of it, yet at long last he never discovers it. The smell of nature, to be increasingly explicit, the Japanese Quince tree's smell, that speaks to life itself. This represents the piece that he is missing, seen when he doesn't feel the agony In his chest any longer. Mr†¦ Nilsson feels content with It and feels unique that he had the option to observer of such an excellent sight.John Goalmouths utilizes this scene to represent the revelation of a lost piece. The â€Å"Japanese Quin ce† Is a short story that John Goalmouths composed utilizing imagery to make a driven topic. The hero of the story finds that he Is introduced two ways at the one that hinders his direction Is himself; he should picked which way he will take. Toward the finish of the story, he concludes that It does not merit venturing over himself to transform him and he invert. Through this, John Goalmouths Is indicating that the shopping center character was delayed to transform him and his inner mind Influences him to would leave the chance.

The emergence of the internet marketing

The development of the web showcasing Another field of showcasing called Internet advertising has risen with the expanding number of individuals on the web. Organizations are discovering it progressively hard to keep up pace with the requests of various guests of their sites. With the developing traffic on the web, presently pretty much every organization is engaged with web advertising. Web promoting is considerably more than simply having a decent site. It incorporates each and everything that a business does to advance itself. The methods for directing business have now changed because of access to data from any side of the world in a moderate and simple way. Today web has supplanted TV, telephone frameworks and papers realizing an improvement in the way of life of the individuals over the globe. Offering 50,000 unique items in a virtual store is extremely basic and simple; anyway this can't exist in any physical departmental store. Web has carried alongside it constant access, full availability and a straightforward remarkable interface given by internet browsers. This whole development has made another condition for leading business forms, building up and keeping up business relations. This new wave in advertising has made a whole arrangement of patterns which organizations need to take a gander at and consolidate on the off chance that they need to support their business. New worth should be included at every single phase of the business cycle. Thoughts ready for associations to cull and make their own, therefore exhibiting that We are still here and in excess of anyone's imagination! There is a tremendous pool of chances out there which should be misused. Showcasing TRENDS TO WATCH! Value.Value.Value. The most able word today is esteem. Activities that produce an upgraded client relationship are made by the change of key data and information. Associations need to make sense of their worth. They have to fit themselves in every one of the circles indicated aside. The crossing point of these is its incentive. This should be set before individuals again and again. For e.g., the philanthropic association CARE, for a long time situated itself as attempting to kill neediness. Anyway numerous associations were going after this. It is a commercial center since the opposition is for getting benefactors. CARE at that point changed its concentration to situation of young ladies and ladies with the understanding that this class experiences more destitution and till date advertises this qualification so as to be heard. Online Reputation Management Associations need to spend a proportionate measure of exertion in dealing with the online brands as in keeping up the physical ones. The progression of messages is not, at this point controllable with the expanding number of client created content as websites and online discussions. It is in this manner basic to disguise off camera and impact, right just as add to th discussions. There are various modest aggregator apparatuses like Google cautions which help to get an every day digest by means of which the organizations can be a piece of the discussions. Video Marketing Numerous associations have significantly decreased publicizing financial plans because of the diverse cost conditions. In this situation video advertising is increasing expanding significance. For example a so called cosmetics expert, Lauren Luke, began selling beautifiers by putting recordings on YouTube. The recordings have more than fifty million perspectives and her channel has in excess of 250000 endorsers. Next is the intuitive video innovation, through which guests can be taken to the related substance by tapping on components in the video. Worth Added Content By pushing content onto clients organizations are currently discovering approaches to improve the client experience. So as to push flow Amazon has on the off chance that you like improvement to its inventories. Clients constantly attempt to locate that concealed viewpoint which makes him cheerful and visit again for buys. Interfacing with Mobile Marketing There are currently more than 2.4 billion cell phone supporters on the planet. Versatile promoting is presently turning into an approach to pull in clients by building a one stop search for email, photographs and other advanced administrations. It is in this manner essential for sites to effortlessly have the option to explore in versatile program. Fundamentally explicit applications should be created to upgrade the nearness on client gadgets by giving notification by means of telephone. The Art of Being Real In an ongoing survey by AdweekMedia 78 percent respondents said that a VIP in a notice doesn't influence them in any capacity. This implies now a days people are on a search for genuine proof. It is a trust economy wherein individuals who talk from the heart are accepted. For example Birds battle which includes genuine ladies utilizing the magnificence items was an advancement achievement. An ascent of 700 percent in deals of Dove was accounted for in America. A Deeper Shade of Green Associations are decided on their practices in the worldwide network. It is currently fundamental to talk green and to convey on the green. The statistical surveying organization, Aberdeen Group, revealed that client faithfulness is driven up by 36 percent with unassuming green activities. It might ascend to as high as 69 percent at times. So as to deliver this point to young people, Worthington Libraries, chose a green topic for its mid year perusing club on the web. Demise of Email My Info Quest is a book informing administration which a consortium of universal libraries has created which gives live reference administrations to open. The appropriate responses are given to the clients from an overall system of experts. Along these lines the clients are filled in as and when they expect because of the connection among on the web and portable usefulness. Micromarketing In light of the distinctions in the client bunches advertising has now gotten about solely sectioned. Internet promoting necessities to concentrate even on this viewpoint. In an investigation of its clients a national vehicle wash organization found that the clients fall into six distinct gatherings. Some young ladies incline toward a vehicle wash dependent on cost though some other affluent male portions lean toward a vehicle wash week after week at some random significant expense. The organization has tracked email locations of every one of its clients, in this way offering the privilege limited time items to the correct group and spurs conduct. Estimation of Design A plan executes a brand through each touchpoint. Clients should be furnished with a natural and marked understanding. The utilization of subjects, formats, in vogue text styles, predictable hues builds up a brand inside the brains of clients who at that point perceive the brand effectively producing a review. Speed It is a quick moving world and individuals are in a consistent rush. The clients presently need it quick and simple. Online clients need their outcomes in a minutes time without looking out longer for the site. In this manner it is important that administration conveyance is smoothed out and clients are given what they ask in a flash. Passionate Connection Showcasing today is tied in with making an enthusiastic association that builds up an importance to clients. Associations need to solidify the passionate and individual association. HOW DO YOU PLAN TO MAKE MONEY? Picking A BUSINESS MODELà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. In least difficult terms, a plan of action is an arrangement that an association uses to produce salary. It is a mix of numerous elements like the potential market or specialty and how does the association intend to arrive at it, the offer and different components which are fundamental to support business over the long haul. The organization may have many advertising decisions available to its however it needs to keep the capacities and expenses related in view of each promoting exertion. PPC (Pay Per Click) Business Model Utilizing the PPC model associations can publicize the item or administration in the web search tools (Google, Yahoo! also, MSN) themselves. Associations offer on watchwords identified with their business and pay for promoting just when a client taps on the advertisement and visits the site. The advertisement is activated when a client types in a pursuit question which coordinates the catchphrases that were awaited on. The advertiser who offers the most elevated gets his promotion showed some place on the list items gave by the motor. Along these lines the organization has full oversight over when and where the advertisements are shown. Contingent on the time the advertisements can even be turned on or off. The geographic areas wherein the promotions will be run can likewise be chosen by the advertiser. According to the contenders the advertisement position is dictated by: most extreme expense per click (CPC) increased by active clicking factor. It is just when someone really taps on the advertisement that the web index gets paid. Thusly the top position should be earned by composing promotions that entice searchers to tap on it and investigate the site. PPC is a solid match for advertisers on the off chance that they :  · Like to work with enormous measures of watchword data.  · will contribute the time expected to do every day research and updates to accounts.  · Have more cash than time and are happy to go through cash to bring in cash.  · Like working with measurements.  · Like dissecting (and reanalyzing) results.  · Know how to compose little arranged advertisements.  · Have a publicizing spending plan of at any rate $100 every month, per crusade. Website design enhancement (Search Engine Optimization) Business Model Associations get their site recorded and positioned in characteristic query items for search terms that are identified with the business or certain catchphrases. For instance, when somebody look through a term-schools or cafés , on Google, the Web locales that spring up first are controlled by SEO. The web indexes fixed calculations decide these outcomes and rankings. In such a sort of a common habitat the proprietors don't have a lot of control with regards to when and where the site will be shown as in the PPC model. There is along these lines no expense related with this model. The main asset required is time. The destinations that position among the top for the most part have solid inbound connections and great substance. This sums for a ton of free traffic. A couple of things to remember while developing the site:

Applying to PA School with a Low GPA Admissions Directors Answer Your Questions

How to Get Into PA School With a Low GPA PA school administrators from nine top-ranking PA programs answer your questions on how to get into PA school with a low GPA. A low GPA is probably the hardest area to improve. This makes sense it was years in the making, and cant be undone without time. It can take about a year in advanced level science courses to bump a high 2.x GPA over 3.0. The lower your GPA, and the more classes youve taken, the longer it will take to reflect improvements in your academic record. What is your CASPA calculated GPA? Before you do anything it is important that you have this number in hand. You can view your CASPA GPAs once your application has been Verified. You can read about that here on the CASPA website. When I applied to PA school I had a cumulative GPA of 2.9, a result, probably like many of you reading this, of some early misdirection. I got my act together in the second half of my undergraduate career, finishing on the Deans list with a 3.8 GPA. But my overall GPA did not fully recover and was lower than the 3.0 minimum of the school where I was accepted. Indeed this is not the norm, but you should not let a lower than average GPA stop you from finding a path to PA school if this is truly your passion. Fortunately, you are not alone. Every year PA programs from across the country come together to answer questions posed by aspiring Pre-PA students like yourself. Not surprisingly, questions regarding PA school admissions and low (or lower than average) GPA topped the list. Below are the answers to these questions. Admissions Directors Tell All: Your PA School GPA Questions Answered This post is part one of a two-part series focused on steps you can take to mediate a lower than desired GPA and the first in a multi-part series of posts exploring questions asked by PA school applicants and answers provided by the PA program admissions directors from seven PA programs. Prefer to listen instead? Subscribe on iTunes PRE-PA Questions are in bold With answers following each question and a reference to the corresponding PA school admissions director who provided the answer. Q: If I were to retake classes and get better grades but not yet reach a 3.0, would the upward trend in my grades be considered? CASPA does not offer grade replacement, so any new grades will average into your GPA. We would look at the improved performance in the courses positively, but it might still be hard to overcome a GPA lower than a 3.0. In this case, you would need significant shadowing, volunteering, leadership, and clinical experience to offset the GPA that much. A.T. Still University Q: I am right at the minimum GPA and healthcare experience I was wondering if it would be more beneficial to do a year master program to increase my GPA or to focus more on HCE? I think it depends on how much one year would help your GPA. And how low the GPA is. Generally, I would say health care. Duke University Q: If I got a C in an upper-level Organic Chem course would that lessen my chances at getting in? One C is not going to be a concern, although a very recent C is not ideal. If all other grades are As that will help. If you have a lot of Cs that is a concern. A.T. Still University Q: What is a competitive GPA? A competitive GPA is a 3.8. Averages for accepted students are GPA 3.8 and average GRE is 312. Butler University Q: How can one make other parts of their application look competitive if their science GPA is on the lower end? More HCE hours? High GRE score? Its not quantity, its qualitywe value a MEANINGFUL HCE experience and we definitely look at the GREs. Beyond that, we are strongly community-oriented so love to see community involvement. We also give a fair amount of weight to the personal narrative and even more to the letters of reference. Know your recommenders! Make sure they know you well! Case Western Reserve To boost your GPA means breaking out more than just the books Angela Duckworth, a Psychology Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has found through her research that: Smarter students actually had less grit than their peers who scored lower on an intelligence test. This finding suggests that among the study participants all students at an Ivy League school people who are not as bright as their peers compensate by working harder and with more determination. And their effort pays off: The grittiest students not the smartest ones had the highest GPAs. Q: I am a recent graduate holding a biological science degree, I am currently volunteering at a lab and working at a dermatology office as a medical assistant. I am working on my extra-curricular activities and building on my resume. Unfortunately, I did not do so well in undergrad. My GPA is very low, so my question to you is, is GPA considered as highly valuable? I plan to go above and beyond with my recommendations, HCE, volunteering and personal statement. If I do very well in all of those, will that still give me a chance? We do a holistic application review process. This means we consider GPA, clinical/shadowing experience, leadership, service, and commitment. You do want to be close to the average for the GPA, but you can offset a slightly lower GPA with other strong experiences. However, if you have a 2.75 GPA, that is not going to be competitive. Again, we also look for an upward trend in grades. A.T. Still University Q: I graduated a long time ago. I didn't always do so well in my undergraduate GPA, but it's impossible for me to repeat all the prerequisitecourses again. How is the GPA requirement for admissions calculated? I have taken classes since undergrad and have done stellar. We look for an upward trend in grades. We understand that some students have a hard transition to college, or they do not find focus until later. All of your grades will be averaged together, however, we still look for an upward trend. You do want to be somewhat close to the average GPA though. For example, if your total GPA is a 2.8, that is going to be hard to overcome. If it is a 3.0 or higher, with significant other experiences, we can work with that to an extent. A.T. Still University Q: If I took the GRE, can it offset a lower GPA? Or does AT still not factor the GRE at all? The minimum GPA is a 2.75, however, that is not a competitive GPA (there has to be a line somewhere). A.T. Still University Q: My first couple years of college I did very poorly and was eventually dismissed. I did attend another college and ended up graduating with honors(woot-woot!), however, the way CASPA calculates cumulative GPA; despite graduating with a high GPA CASPA reflects it much lower. How much would that affect your review of my application? You get an averaged GPA on CASPA. This is where the upward trend comes into play. The dismissal will be a serious concern but talk about your recovery (which should be reflected in the grades). A.T. Still University Q: Do you consider each GPA individually, the overall GPA, or is the undergrad GPA weighted more heavily in your decision? We use to total cumulative and science GPA provided by CASPA. We also look for grade trends, academic rigor, and other aspects such as shadowing, leadership, clinical, volunteer, and employment A.T. Still University Q: I have a low GPA and plan to retake a few science courses that will boost up my prereqs/science GPA. I was hoping to do this online that way I can work/take classes. Would I still be considered seeing that I am not retaking the lab? Also if I don't meet the overall GPA requirement but do meet the science/prereq GPA will my application still be looked at? If your cumulative and science GPA is not a 2.75 or higher your application will not be considered. You can take online courses as long as they are regionally accredited US institutions. A.T. Still University Q: My undergrad GPA suffered due to extenuating circumstances that will be discussed in my personal statement. Since graduating, I have worked to improve my overall science GPA. This was why I previously asked if you considered each GPA individually, the overall GPA, or if undergrad GPA weighted more heavily in your decision. When speaking with other programs my undergraduate science GPA is the main GPA discussed. In other words, it appears that my post-baccalaureate and new overall science GPA isnt considered as heavily as my undergrad GPA. Additionally, during interviews this cycle, it was suggested to take master's level science courses instead of continuing to take undergraduate courses. Therefore, I am aiming to improve my chances and overall competitiveness as an applicant by enrolling in master's level science courses. Thank you for your advice in this decision as to which program is best for me! We consider all of the classes, undergraduate coursework is not weighted more heavily than post-baccalaureate. We like to see an upward trend of grades which it sounds like you have so you would be in better shape than if you had questionable grades throughout both UG and post-baccalaureate/grad. A.T. Still University Q: Does post-baccalaureate GPA get weighted if it's significantly higher than undergrad GPAs? Not specifically. But we do look at trending, so a stronger post-baccalaureate can make up for a weaker undergrad Duke University Q: I graduated a long time ago. I didn't always do so well in my undergraduate GPA, but it's impossible for me to repeat all the prerequisite courses again. How is the GPA requirement for admissions calculated? I have taken classes since undergrad and have done stellar CASPA calculates the entire GPA as a whole. And the entire natural science GPA as a whole. But we do look at trending. Duke University Q: If your GPA is not strong but your work experience is, is that taken into consideration? We look at the entire application and consider everything, but I will say that GPA is a big part of it and if given the opportunity to improve I would suggest taking some extra science classes to improve it. But yes, work experience is highly valued as well. A.T. Still University Q: You said that there is no minimum GPA, but how important is GPA when considering applicants? We look at the application as a whole. GPA is important, but we do look at trending such as if you did poorly at first and then improved. Duke University Q: If my GPA is not the highest, but I volunteer consistently, go on medical volunteer trips, and have leadership positions in on-campus organizations, as well as over 1,000 hands-on patient care hours, could that be enough to still make me a competitive applicant to your program? Your GPA is only one indicator all the stuff you mention is great. Try to do well on the GRE to offset your GPA. Duke University Q: If I am a candidate, who does not have a competitive GPA what other things can I do? I am involved in research with my chemistry professor, I tutor biology, and I have 2500 clinical hours. You should continue with your clinical hours massively important. You should try to take some additional upper-level science courses to show you can do the work now (earn grade of B or better to prove competence), strive for an excellent GRE score, get recommendations from people who can speak well of your patient care, and write amazing, heartfelt essays Duke University Q: If I took a non-pre requisite class my freshman year and got a D the first time, the second time a B, I know CASPA calculates both and averages the two. How do you guys view/value someone's application with a D and not so good grades in the beginning of Undergrad? We look at the overall cumulative GPA. We will look at these grades just like CASPA will. Butler University Q: I have a 3.7 science GPA, but Caspa calculation overall GPA 3.2. GRE 320 would I be a competitive applicant? Your overall CASPA GPA must be 3.4 to be considered. Butler University Q: I graduated school with a Biochemistry degree in 2012, but I have not pursued anything related to medicine or science since then other than becoming an EMT-B. Also, my grades were considerably less than stellar for some of the prerequisite classes. However, I have been recently thinking of applying for PA school again. If I decided to enroll in the local community colleges to raise my GPA and reapply, is there a decent chance that I may be accepted? You can definitely take courses at a community college or any other regionally accredited institution. You will need to make sure you have at least a 3.4 cumulative GPA for your application to be considered. Butler University Q: I am curious about how strict the GPA requirement is? I know the website says 3.0 and I have read above that 3.4 is required to be considered? Will an application be reviewed if GPA is 3.37 but other aspects are very strong? You must have a 3.4 GPA for your application to be considered. A competitive GPA is 3.8. Butler University Q: I have the minimum GPA for admissions but I want to be more competitive. Do you recommend that I take a one year masters program to increase my GPA or possibly focusing on more HCE? If your GPA is on the lower end and you were less than successful in some of the prereqs which lowered your GPA, a post-bac program can help to improve your GPA and show the admissions committee that you can be successful in a rigorous program. Yale University Q: How can one make other parts of their application look competitive if their science GPA is on the lower end? More HCE hours? High GRE score? We look holistically at applicants. As long as you have the minimum science GPA I would not worry. If you have significant weaknesses in your prereqs, retaking them and improving is a way to show the committee that you know the material. Yale University Q: I have my bachelor's in Biology from Penn State Berks and all the prerequisites for the PA program. However, My GPA was under 3.0. Is it worth applying, or do you suggest a way increase my GPA in order to apply? I am an OIF combat medic Veteran. Iencourage you working towards improving your GPA before applying as our minimum requirement for full consideration is a 3.0 overall science and 3.0 overall cumulative. Penn State Q: If I received poor university grades in 2008-2011, and then gained work experience as a CNA and now have been back at University since 2014 earning a 3.7 average GPA am I still an eligible candidate if my overall GPA is about a 2.9? We do require a 3.0 cumulative science and cumulative overall GPA for full consideration. You can still apply but I cant make any guarantees that your file would receive full consideration not having satisfied the minimum requirement. Penn State Q: I am a unique candidate with a low undergrad GPA unique degree with significant HCE. I was hoping to get a better understanding of how holistic your application process is. My undergraduate GPA was affected by immaturity, my father having two heart surgeries and missing school. I have been the lead exercise physiologist at Boston Medical Center for 4 years now, with over 4000 HCE hours. I am a medical volunteer at the Boston Athletic Association for the 10k, half, and full marathons for the last 5 years as a medical sweep. I've been a dedicated volunteer at the Salvation Army since November 2016 and I have committed myself through the end of this year before I begin school wherever I get in. I really want to fess up to my poor GPA due to immaturity coupled with significant familial health problems, I show how hard I've worked to overcome those flaws in my academics. Recently while working 60 hours a week in 2-3 healthcare roles (1 full-time, 2 part-time) Ive averaged Bs in many co urses at BU MET college.My greatest fear is that I submit CASPA and I'm not considered because of my low GPA which was reflective of circumstance w/ immaturity 10 years ago. I want to show you I'm not a high-risk candidate, but high reward. My current HCE, Leadership, volunteering, and GRE, and strong recommendations are reflective of this. We are quite holistic but the minimum GPA requirement is a 3.0 as this is required of our students within our program to make academic progress. The only GPAs that we technically review our a candidates cumulative science (this includes the whole thing undergrad courses, graduate courses, postbac courses) so while the upward trend is a positive note and will benefit you in our review, the GPAs are calculated through CASPA and we look at cumulative overall data. Penn State Q: You mentioned you look at all admissions criteria holistically say early on in my college career I had no direction and my grades suffered because of that, but for the last several years my grades have been all As do you take that into consideration when looking at my application or just look at my overall GPA? We require a 3.0 for overall GPA and 3.0 for science course GPA. The full transcript is reviewed in-depth, but if these listed requirements are satisfied, then this criterion is satisfied. Keeping in mind that the program is highly competitive, and there are limited seats. Marist College Q: If there is a chance of not meeting the 3.0 GPA, what do you recommend doing to make up for that? The 3.0 is required but if you do fall just short, you are welcome to continue moving forward with the process. Marist College Q: I will be graduating from undergrad in May with a GPA of a 3.3. I am considering retaking a class over the summer. Would you recommend retaking a prerequisite course, like Biology which I got a B in or OCHEm which I got a C in, or an upper-level course in Physiology which I got a B in but is very important for PA level classes? I would retake any classes you got a C in. Even if I got a C in Ochem I and improved it to a B in Ochem II? Yes. Any Cs I would retake. Marist College Q: I come from a system where GPA was never used, hence a low GPA, but I have a lot of clinical experience as an International Medical Graduate, what are my chances? As long as you fit the prereqs, we will review your application, and everyone is considered on a case by case basis. Case Western Reserve Q: Does the admissions committee look at applicants from a holistic perspective or is GPA weighted as the most important factor? We certainly look at applications holistically but as with most programs GPA plays a substantial role. Case Western Reserve Q: Will my application still be considered with a low GPA? This is the only thing I am lacking on my resume. I plan to excel in my HCE, volunteering, personal statement, and recommendations. Not knowing what your personal record looks like, I can say that as long as you meet the prerequisites, we will review your application. We do like to review applicants background. Please still apply. Case Western Reserve Q: If I obtained a 1-year masters degree while working, would that change how my GPA is evaluated during the program as opposed to someone who just went to school? If that Masters includes pre-requisite courses it will be added to the composite GPA.Remember, we also look at ascending transcripts i.e. improving GPAs over the course of study. A lot of people have rough freshman experience but then improve steadily from there and we value that. Case Western Reserve Q: I would like to start by explaining my background: I have thousands of hours of phlebotomy experience, I have been a phlebotomist for four years. I have completed over 200 hours of shadowing under an internal medicine PA. My science GPA is a 3.5, however, I have a cumulative GPA of about a 2.8; due to my grades while completing my associate's degree being factored in. During this time I was not very dedicated to academics. Would my GPA derail my acceptance? We do require a prereq GPA of 3.0 or higher OR in the last 40 hours of classwork. We very much respect the ascending transcript i.e. someone who had a rough start but then improved. Case Western Reserve Q: My undergraduate GPA through CASPA is a 2.8 cumulative and science. I am currently completing a Master's degree in Basic Medical Sciences where I have completed 20 credits so far with a cumulative and science GPA of a 3.6. Will this be looked at on my CASPA application or are admissions decisions based solely on the cumulative undergraduate GPA's? CASPA lets us know your GPA for your masters as well as undergrad and we look at both and would be delighted to take them both into account. Case Western Reserve Q: Through CASPA my undergraduate GPA is a 2.8 cumulative and science. I am currently working on my Master's in Basic Medical Sciences where I have completed 20 credit hours so far with a cumulative and science GPA of a 3.6. How will my last 40 credit hours be calculated? I want to ensure that my application will meet the 3.0 GPA requirement in order to be reviewed. We do require a minimal GPA of 3.00/4.00 due to the rigors of the program. However, we do look at the last 40 hours since we realize that some applicants may have struggled academically early on in their career. A cumulative and science grade point average (GPA) of at least 3.0 (4.0 scale) during the final 40 credit hours/final 2 years of completed coursework. This is based on taking a minimum of 9 credit hours of coursework per semester. Case Western Reserve Q: My overall GPA is not great, havent taken the GRE yet "currently studying", but I served in the Navy as a Corpsman with the Marines for 8 years, so I exceed all requirements for patient care, Letters of Recommendation are excellent, planning on scoring high on the GRE, but I was working 3 jobs while going to school full-time, probably not the best idea, but I got through it. But my fear is that I wont get the "sympathy" vote. What advice could you give a person who will have everything else but a low GPA 3.0? If you are able to demonstrate that you have an ascending transcript then you might be in better stead, other people who have been in the same boat have taken additional courses to demonstrate that they can do the work and that their GPA was due to working full-time, etc. Case Western Reserve Q: If you do not make the minimum grade requirement in a prereq course, is it still worth applying? Thanks for that question, if you dont make the required prerequisite grade, you might consider retaking the course. Case Western Reserve Admission Directors Summary and Recommendations Here are some of the key messages: 1. Upward trends are the rule downward trends will likely lead to a rejection: We look for an upward trend in grades. We understand that some students have a hard transition to college, or they do not find focus until later. All of your grades will be averaged together, however, we still look for an upward trend. You do want to be somewhat close to the average GPA though. For example, if your total GPA is a 2.8, that is going to be hard to overcome. If it is a 3.0 or higher, with significant other experiences, we can work with that to an extent.- A.T. Still UniversityPA program 2. One low grade is not going to be of much concern, but if you have a lot of them, Houston, you're going to have a problem: One C is not going to be a concern, although a very recent C is not ideal. If all other grades are As that will help. If you have a lot of Cs that is a concern.- A.T. Still University 3. In the face of a low GPA, the GRE may become your ally: GRE's tend to be lightly weighted but in the presence of a low GPA it can be of service: Candidates with a lower GPA can benefit by submitting competitive GRE scores. Certainly, high levels of work and volunteer experience can help as well. - Carroll UniversityPA program 4. Recommendation letters matter: It's not quantity, it's quality. We value a MEANINGFUL HCE experience and we definitely look at the GREs. Beyond that, we are strongly community-oriented so love to see community involvement. We also give a fair amount of weight to the personal narrative and even more to the letters of reference. Know your recommenders! Make sure they know you well! - Case Western Reserve PA program Read more:Secrets of Successful PA School Letters of Recommendation 5. Postgraduate work can be used to build up a low GPA: CASPA lets us know your GPA for your masters as well as undergrad and we look at both and would be delighted to take them both into account. - Case Western Reserve. 6. Postgraduate work is not weighted higher: Postgraduate work is not weighted higher. But we do look at trending, so a stronger post-baccalaureate can make up for a weaker undergrad - Duke University 7. If you fall short often you can still apply, but you better be pretty impressive: The 3.0 is required but if you do fall just short, you are welcome to continue moving forward with the process. - Marist College. We do require a 3.0 cumulative science and cumulative overall GPA for full consideration. You can still apply but I can't make any guarantees that your file would receive full consideration not having satisfied the minimum requirement. - Penn State PA program 8. Even if you have excellent work and volunteer experience this may not be enough to counter a low GPA. You may still need to retake some classes: We look at the entire application and consider everything, but I will say that GPA is a big part of it and if given the opportunity to improve I would suggest taking some extra science classes to improve it. But yes, work experience is highly valued as well.- A.T. Still University 9. You can retake a course but remember it's the average that matters: You can retake a course but CASPA will average the two grades to come up with a number: If you don't make the required prereq grade, you might consider retaking the course.- Case Western ReservePA program 10. The personal statement can be the deciding factor When I applied to PA school I received more than a few rejection letters. So I went back to the drawing table and rewrote my personal statement, this was the only thing I changed on my entire PA school application. That single difference got me an interview and with a GPA of 2.9, I stepped ahead of many other 4.0 applicants who were placed on the waitlist. I am not bragging, I am simply trying to point out the importance of not just your personal statement but the entirety of your application + an extremely well-written personal narrative. It can make all the difference in the world. If I can do it, you certainly can. You have some decisions to make Are your stats so low you should push off applying to PA school for a few more years while you work on improving your profile? Should you alter your list of schools? Apply to developing programs or apply to programs with lower average GPA stats? Should you retake some classes or apply to a postgraduate program to show the admissions committee you mean business? We will address the answers to these and many other questions in part two of this post series, so stay tuned! Warmly, Stephen Pasquini PA-C www.smartypance.com www.thepalife.com The PA Advisor Series The GRE and PA School: The Pre-PA Advisor Series Posted: March 10, 2019 The Pre-PA Advisor Series Welcome to the PA Advisors Series a special series of postswhere PA school applicants like yourself ask the tough questions and admissions directors from top-ranking PA schools provide the answers. Today We Will Discuss the GRE and Your PA School Application Here are some of the questions answered in this [] 16 comments The Pre-PA Advisor Series: Patient Contact Hours and Healthcare Experience Posted: April 2, 2018 The Pre-PA Advisor Series Welcome to the PA Advisors Series a special series of postswhere PA school applicants like yourself ask the tough questions and admissions directors from top-ranking PA schools provide the answers. Today We Will Discuss: Patient Contact Hours and Healthcare Experience Requirements for PA School Here are some of the questions [] 16 comments PA School Prerequisites: Admissions Directors Answer Your Burning Questions Posted: December 18, 2017 As you probably know by now, if you want to get into PA school you must complete the necessary prerequisite coursework. I have discussed this in detail in a previous postPrerequisite Coursework: How to Design the Perfect Pre-PA School Curriculum. Today, we are going a step further by giving you answers to some of the [] 16 comments Applying to PA School with a Low GPA: Admissions Directors Answer Your Questions Posted: August 22, 2017 How to Get Into PA School With a Low GPA PA school administrators from nine top-ranking PA programs answer your questions on how to get into PA school with a low GPA. A low GPA is probably the hardest area to improve. This makes sense it was years in the making, and cant be [] 16 comments document.createElement('audio'); http://traffic.libsyn.com/pasquini/Applying_to_PA_School_with_a_Low_GPA_Admissions_Directors_Answer_Your_GPA_Questions.mp3Podcast (thepalife): Download (25.4MB) | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Email | Google Podcasts | RSSView all posts in this seriesApplying to PA School with a Low GPA: Admissions Directors Answer Your QuestionsPA School Prerequisites: Admissions Directors Answer Your Burning QuestionsThe Pre-PA Advisor Series: Patient Contact Hours and Healthcare ExperienceThe GRE and PA School: The Pre-PA Advisor Series You may also like -5 Things Ive Learned Going Into My Fourth Physician Assistant Application CycleI will be honest; this is not an article I ever thought Id be writing. I submitted my first physician assistant application after finishing my undergrad in 2014, and here I am three years later preparing to submit my fourth PA []80 PA Schools That Dont Require the GRE Are you like me and looking to dodge the GRE? Does the thought of studying for the GRE exam make your palms sweat and your heart flutter? Wouldn't it be great if you could find PA schools that don't require the GREand simplyavoid []The Perfect PA Program Picker: PA School Requirements and Admissions Tool 2018-2019 PA School Admissions and Requirements Table Search and sort through all 256 accredited and developing PA school programs by healthcare experience, resident and non-resident PA school tuition, PA program duration, GRE []

How to Solve an undefined local variable Ruby Error

In  Ruby, you dont have to declare variables, but you do have to assign something to them before they can be referred to. If youre referring to a local variable that doesnt yet exist, you may see one of two errors. Ruby NameError Messages NameError: undefined local variable or method a for # NameError: undefined local variable or method a for main:Object Note:  There might be various identifiers in place of  a  above. This is an example where the code will generate the Ruby NameError message since the variable  a  hasnt yet been assigned to anything: puts a How to Fix the Error Variables must be assigned before they can be used. So, using the example from above, fixing the error is as simple as doing this: a 10 puts a Why Youre Getting This Error The obvious answer is that youre referring to a variable that hasnt yet been created. This is most often due to a typo but may happen when refactoring code and renaming variables. You might also see the  NameError: undefined local variable Ruby error if you intended to enter a string. Strings are understood when they exist between quotes. If you didnt use quotes, Ruby will think you meant to reference a method or variable (that doesnt exist) and throw the error. So, look back over your code to see what this variable is supposed to be referring to, and fix it. You may also want to search for other instances of the same variable name in the same method - if its wrong in one place, it may be wrong in others.

Causal Attribution Theories Of Victim Blaming - 1204 Words

Causal Attribution Theories of Victim Blaming in Cases of Sexual Assault For most individuals, the thought of blaming the victim of a tragic experience for their own pain and suffering, seems preposterous. However, ascribing at least some of the blame to the victim is not uncommon (Niemi Young, 2014). Victim blaming refers to individuals finding reasons to hold the victim of an incident responsible for the crime that took place (Hayes, Lorenz Bell, 2013). For victims of sexual assault, who may already be experiencing self-blame and distrust of others, being blamed adds insult to injury (Harber, Podolski, Williams, 2015). According to Harber et. al, victim blaming can also have long-term effects on victims, such as, increased anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In an effort to increase support and resources for survivors of sexual assault researchers must determine why individuals are prone to blaming the victims rather than the perpetrator of a crime. In order to answer this question of â€Å"why† we blame victims of sexual assault for their own suffering researchers use the attribution theory. This theory is used to explain how we make sense of our own and other people’s behavior. Internal attributions refer to the perception that someone is behaving in a certain way because of the â€Å"type† of person that individual is. We attribute the cause of behavior to a person’s personality or character rather than to the situation. In contrast, an externalShow MoreRelatedThe Models For Observational Learning1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdrug abuse is mainly the result of the modelling influences of her family and peers. The Social Cognitive Learning Theory argues that behaviour occurs not only as a result of the environment but because of an individual’s cognitive representation of that environment, known as the S-O-R model (stimulus-organism-response). Wortley (2011) states that The Social Cognitive Learning Theory extends on the traditional operant conditioning by proposing that there are a range of cognitive processes betweenRead MoreEthnic Reproduction and the Amniotic Deep: Joy Kogawas Obasan13316 Words   |  54 Pages(p. 431) The power of love (p. 431) Is romantic love unique to western culture? (p. 431) An evolutionary theory of love: love as attachment (p. 432) Stage theories of relationships (p. 433) The filter model (Kerckhoff Davis, 1962) (p. 433) An evaluation of the filter model (p. 433) Stimulus-value-role theory (Murstein, 1976, 1986, 1987) (p. 434) An evaluation of stage theories (p. 434) Interpersonal attraction: how relationships get started (p. 434) Proximity (p. 434) Exposure andRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesBradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your useRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion Regulation 115 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesâ€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same

Advocacy Protection of Human Rights

Question: Discuss about the AdvocacyforProtection of Human Rights. Answer: Introduction Over the past years, there has been a great concern by the New Zealand government in the effect of human rights on the policy making procedure. Moreover, the government has entered into extensive international agreements regarding the promotion and protection of human rights. These agreements are engaging New Zealand due to the International law. This comprises both the social, economic, political, cultural and civil rights. In particular the latter has numerous problems for social policy. After many years, there has been a rise in concerns from inside and outside the New Zealand government in the effect of public rights and freedom on the policy implementation procedure. However, there has been a major issue regarding which rights based strategy to social policy is needed in New Zealand. That issue is because of problems that limit any effort to enhance the extent and effects of New Zealands concerns with respects to Economic, Social and Cultural (ESC) rights (Smith Smith, 2016). T his paper is an analysis of the concepts of social justice and human rights in New Zealand. In general, ESC rights have not been subjected to similar extent degree of normal setting that has been required by the international laws of Child protection rights, and particularly the language in which they are set is usually uncertain (Osler, 2015). Moreover, the rules set by the International Covenant on cultural, social and economic rights are placed on relative instead of relative terms (Smith Smith, 2016). It necessitates the state to discover the rights in a progressive manner and to the extent of its available resources. Due to this facts, the exact level to which the states duties regarding the ESC rights is both controversial and contestable. This crisis is due to the lack of an organized tendency of the New Zealand judiciary to clearly elaborate the ESC rights both in the domestic and international scenario (Flood Gross, 2014). During the year 2003, the Human rights commission interviewed the publishers using the New Zealand Centre for human Law, to make a statement p aper on the concerns of applying a rights-based analysis to the making of social policy in New Zealand. This publication is an edited and exaggerated version of the paper. Its motive is to enhance discussions about the concerns for New Zealand social policy decision of developing a rights based strategy (De Souza, 2015). Social policy are the codes and systems by which the government uses to impact the improvement of community, especially in association to education, welfare and health. This description is somehow narrow as compared to the definition used by the ministry of Social Development in the Social improvement strategy (Bertot,2016), in which social policy is explained as the policy that has an effect on the social standards. However, the modification has a big impact for the evaluation that follows and that is required in this setting to try and find the answer to the main question of what, exactly is the definition of social policy. Recently, there has been numerous protests against the social development, social welfare, and social policy in New Zealand. The ministrys mechanism is detailed and finds a broad variety of approaches to wellness, appropriate objectives and desirable social results. Moreover, it incorporates reference to a guideline concerning the distribution of wellness that all persons enjoy some basic limited level of wellness (De Souza, 2015). What is not clear in the ministrys mechanisms is the use of dialect or the aspect of human rights. This is not to suggesting that a human rights aspect is entirely lacking form the New Zealand policy setting. After the development of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act in 1990, government officers have completely been made to control the effects of human rights obligations for policy development and this exposed in Cabinets decision-making procedures. However, there is still uncertainty in the government regarding what a rights based strategy to social policy can need and how it can be different from a strategy that centralizes on the wellness. Particularly, this uncertainty is a ttached to the principle concerns of ESC, which are not covered by the Bill of Rights Act of 1990 and, for the explanation already given, raise certain problems of presentation (Came McCreanor, 2015). On other hand, a rights based strategy to social policy is one that confirms that guidelines are implemented within the guidelines stipulated by the New Zealands human rights requirements, as stated in international and domestic law (Ife, 2012). It is significant to think about the meaning of human rights and particularly, how to concentrate on requirements, that is invited by the qualities of wellness. There is a big similarity between needs-based and right-based approaches in that both approaches are based on interventions on the needs expressed by poor individuals. However, the language of rights stretches emphasizes on certain parameters of the duties, obligations and interests that are important. For instance, Mary needs food if we consider that in the lack of food, Marys wellness will decrease in an approach that we refer as important. We are evaluating the limitations that Mary will face if denied food. Similarly, an analysis of Marys requirements may as well as underlie the s tatement Mary has a right to food. However, the concept of rights supports the concept of need in a number of aspects. Firstly, the dialect of rights is the dialect of demand of ownership. To suggest that Mary needs food reflects the moral or legal duties of others regarding Marys need. In comparison, the statement Mary has a right to food states that somebody has an obligation to ensure that Marys right is secured (Smith Smith, 2016). Human Rights Mechanism in New Zealand The human rights in New Zealand are secured in many ways within the entire common and statute law. For instance, to use commonplace, the concept of justified murder is one of the procedures in which the nation secures the right to life (Osler, 2015). In general, this guidelines of common or statute law can be modified through the standard procedure of principles enactment followed by parliamentary developments. The human rights mechanisms refers to those particular structures of human rights protection, retrieved from international and domestic law, that cover not only the daily activities of the policy procedure but also ensures that it is substantive and procedural (Ife, 2012). Key Important Structures of Human Rights Protection The guidelines administering Executives decision making procedures under the subtitle Executive Government ensures that Executive papers advocating policy and statutory proposals should incorporate consideration of various domestic rights-related tools that is Bill of Rights Act 1990, the Human Rights Acts 1993, the Privacy Act 1993, and the treaty of Waitangi. In addition, they need approval of New Zealands international requirements. The compulsory international human rights guidelines incorporated into by the new government in New Zealand are majorly located in two categories of international convections that is the United Nations (UN) and the international labour organisation convections (ILO). The mechanism of the UN human rights management is the accumulation of international tools usually known as the international Bill of Rights. This constitutes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the international covenant on Civil and Political Rights and two protocols of the ICCPR (Brisman South, 2016). Despite the Universal Declaration, these tools are compulsory treaties that have been cleared by the New Zealand Government. The Universal Declaration was retrieved from the resolutions of the UN General Assembly having no influence of law. On the contrary, its requirements have been so often revoked and used by government and non-governmental organisations that some individuals believe that most of the rights incorporated within it have gained the condition of common law (Zehr, 2015). In addition, the International Bill of Human Rights is complemented by more particular convections that protect the human rights of certain endangered categories or that explore in details the nations guidelines regarding a certain set of human rights. The most common is the Convention associated with the conditions of the refugees (refugee convention), the treaty on the elimination of all kinds of Racism (Race Convection, the treaty against Torture and other cruelty, inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (Torture Convection), the convection on the removal of all kinds of discrimination against women, and the convecti on on the rights of the child. Primarily, the ILO convections support labour rights. There are 185 such convections, where 50 have been implemented in New Zealand. Substantive Rights The human rights treaty regime is important as it has enhanced freedom and equality from discernment. Equality rights are entirely secured in the entire treaty regime. This convections ensure that rights are protected in the particular treaties without distinction of any form of sex, language, colour, and race (Bertot, 2016). Additionally, the significance of the right to equality is that it extends its rights to persons and groups that are endangered, disadvantaged or marginalized. Secondly, the child protection rights may in any situation affect social policy and particularly on the procedure where social help is implemented and distributed. One set of Child protection rights that has certain impact and significant for the procedure of social policy formulation is rights regarding involvement in the code of public affairs. Rights of involvements are found in several kinds in the international human rights treaties. This includes, the race convection, the womens convection and the c hildrens convection. To evaluate the extent and concerns of the guidelines undertaken by the New Zealand government to compulsory international convections, it is important to analyze the mechanisms themselves to non-commitment bases of interpretation and analysation. This includes; particular statements and other papers created by the UN human rights convection agencies (Bertot, 2016). To summarize, the most important appreciative aspect of the rights-based strategy to social policy involves the understanding of what exactly the New Zealand government has undertaken regarding the protection of human rights. As indicated before, there are several domestic human rights laws that are stipulated in the codes managing Cabinets decision-making procedures: the Bill of Rights Act 1990, the privacy Act 1993 and the Human Rights Act 1993. In relation to this, these statutes have a negative impact on government action and policy making processes. The reason is that during the final exploration, the New Zealand parliament remains with the power to enact where the standard human rights are breached. Moreover, the need to pass legislation in order to limit these securities, in conjunction with the systems for contemplation of human rights and associated problems that have been created in the routine constraints on policy making. The difficulties that occur in governance in an NM P setting act as a further limitation. Furthermore, there is nothing to force the New Zealand government to enhance change to international law, if there is absence of the statutory reference in the international human rights treaty guidelines. However, it is a critical guideline of the international law that the guidelines throughout the treaty bind the participants to the treaty, who are in accordance mandated to revise their common legal guidelines to enhance change to them. References Belgrave. M. (2014). Needs and the state. Evolving social policy in New Zealand history. In B. Dalley M. Tennant (Eds.), Past judgment: Social policy in New Zealand history (pp. 2328). Dunedin, NZ. Otago University Press Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., Gorham, U., Taylor, N. G. (Eds.). (2016). Perspectives on librariesas institutions of human rights and social justice. Emerald Group Publishing. Brisman, A., South, N. (2016). Environmental crime and social conflict: contemporary and emerging issues. Routledge. Came, H., McCreanor, T. (2015). Pathways to transform institutional (and everyday) racism in New Zealand. De Souza, R. (2015). Navigating the ethics in cultural safety. Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand, 111. Ife, J. (2012). Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. Cambridge University Press. Smith, R., Smith, R. K. (2016). Textbook on international human rights. Oxford University Press. Osler, A. (2015). Human rights education, postcolonial scholarship, and action for social justice. Theory Research in Social Education, 43(2), 244-274. Zehr, H. (2015). The little book of restorative justice: Revised and updated. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.